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Both can lead to lung involvement with fungal dissemination progressing to systemic and severe clinical manifestations, especially in immunosuppressed hosts. As the population of immunosuppressed individuals has been rising, a higher occurrence of fungal infections is predicted in this setting. This poses challenges regarding the differential diagnosis due to overlapping clinical and laboratorial findings, hampering the management of cases.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec002\">\n<jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>In this study, the authors discuss the occurrence of a false-positive <jats:italic>Histoplasma<\/jats:italic> urinary antigen detection in a kidney transplant recipient with acute PCM. Given the scarce information about this subject, a review on literature data is provided.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec003\">\n<jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>A comprehensive literature search was conducted to investigate previous studies that found cross-reactivity between <jats:italic>Histoplasma<\/jats:italic> urinary antigen assays in human patients with confirmed diagnosis of PCM. Additionally, an update of PCM in transplant recipients is provided.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec004\">\n<jats:title>Findings<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The included studies reported 120 samples from patients with PCM tested for <jats:italic>Histoplasma<\/jats:italic> antigen, presenting an overall cross-reactivity of 51.67% and 17 cases of PCM in transplant recipients. CONCLUSIONS: The galactomannan urinary antigen developed to diagnose histoplasmosis can cross react with PCM, which may represent a concern in countries where both mycoses overlap.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0012472","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,29]],"date-time":"2024-08-29T20:08:55Z","timestamp":1724962135000},"page":"e0012472","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Histoplasma capsulatum urinary antigen detection in a kidney transplant recipient with acute paracoccidioidomycosis: Case study and literature review"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Matheus","family":"Oliveira Bastos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andr\u00e9a Gina","family":"Varon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pedro Henrique Nascimento","family":"Theodoro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eduardo Mastrangelo Marinho","family":"Falc\u00e3o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rosely Maria","family":"Zancop\u00e9-Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonio Carlos Francesconi","family":"do Valle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rodrigo","family":"Almeida-Paes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6900-9703","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Priscila Marques","family":"de Macedo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"pntd.0012472.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"715","DOI":"10.1590\/0037-8682-0230-2017","article-title":"Brazilian guidelines for the clinical management of paracoccidioidomycosis.","volume":"50","author":"MA Shikanai-Yasuda","year":"2017","journal-title":"Rev Soc Bras Med Trop"},{"key":"pntd.0012472.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e02010","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.02010-21","article-title":"Considerations about the Geographic Distribution of Histoplasma Species. 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