{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T19:57:36Z","timestamp":1790625456357,"version":"4.1.0"},"update-to":[{"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0012510","type":"new_version","label":"New version","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,16]],"date-time":"2024-10-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1729036800000}}],"reference-count":102,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,4]],"date-time":"2024-10-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1728000000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001774","name":"University of Sydney","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001774","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosntds.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS Negl Trop Dis"],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) is the leading cause of human encephalitis in Asia. JEV is a vector-borne disease, mainly transmitted by\n                    <jats:italic>Culex<\/jats:italic>\n                    mosquitoes, with\n                    <jats:italic>Ardeidae<\/jats:italic>\n                    birds as maintenance hosts and pigs as amplifying hosts. Other vertebrate animal hosts have been suggested to play a role in the epidemiology of JEV. This scoping review followed PRISMA guidelines to identify species in which evidence of naturally occurring JEV infection was detected in vertebrates other than ardeid birds, pigs and people. Following systematic searches, 4372 records were screened, and data were extracted from 62 eligible studies. Direct evidence (virus, viral antigen or viral RNA) of JEV infection was identified in a variety of mammals and birds (not always identified to the species level), including bats, passerine birds (family Turdidae), livestock (cattle [\n                    <jats:italic>Bos taurus<\/jats:italic>\n                    ] and a goat [\n                    <jats:italic>Capra hircus<\/jats:italic>\n                    ]), carnivores (two meerkats [\n                    <jats:italic>Suricata suricatta<\/jats:italic>\n                    ]), and one horse (\n                    <jats:italic>Equus caballus<\/jats:italic>\n                    ). Bat families included Pteropodidae, Vespertilionidae, Rhinolophidae, Miniopteridae, Hipposideridae. Indirect evidence (antibodies) was identified in several mammalian and avian orders, as well as reported in two reptile species. However, a major limitation of the evidence of JEV infection identified in this review was diagnostic test accuracy, particularly for serological testing. Studies generally did not report diagnostic sensitivity or specificity which is critical given the potential for cross-reactivity in orthoflavivirus detection. We hypothesise that bats and passerine birds could play an underappreciated role in JEV epidemiology; however, development of diagnostic tests to differentiate JEV from other orthoflaviviruses will be essential for effective surveillance in these, as well as the companion and livestock species that could be used to evaluate JEV control measures in currently endemic regions.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0012510","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,4]],"date-time":"2024-10-04T13:32:45Z","timestamp":1728048765000},"page":"e0012510","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["A scoping review of evidence of naturally occurring Japanese encephalitis infection in vertebrate animals other than humans, ardeid birds and pigs"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Zo\u00eb A.","family":"Levesque","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael G.","family":"Walsh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cameron E.","family":"Webb","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruth N.","family":"Zadoks","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0963-4926","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Victoria J.","family":"Brookes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,4]]},"reference":[{"issue":"9","key":"pntd.0012510.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0000437","article-title":"Japanese encephalitis\u2014A pathological and clinical perspective","volume":"3","author":"D Ghosh","year":"2009","journal-title":"PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases"},{"issue":"9","key":"pntd.0012510.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1007\/s00705-023-05835-1","article-title":"Renaming of the genus Flavivirus to Orthoflavivirus and extension of binomial species names within the family Flaviviridae","volume":"168","author":"TS Postler","year":"2023","journal-title":"Arch Virol"},{"issue":"1\u20133","key":"pntd.0012510.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2012.09.027","article-title":"A review of the global prevalence, molecular epidemiology and economics of cystic echinococcosis in production animals","volume":"192","author":"GA Cardona","year":"2013","journal-title":"Veterinary parasitology"},{"issue":"10","key":"pntd.0012510.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"766","DOI":"10.2471\/BLT.10.085233","article-title":"Estimated global incidence of Japanese encephalitis: a systematic review","volume":"89","author":"GL Campbell","year":"2011","journal-title":"Bulletin of the World Health Organization"},{"key":"pntd.0012510.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e51027","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.51027","article-title":"Estimates of the global burden of Japanese encephalitis and the impact of vaccination from 2000\u20132015","volume":"9","author":"TM Quan","year":"2020","journal-title":"eLife"},{"issue":"7","key":"pntd.0012510.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/jtm\/taz064","article-title":"\u2019More than devastating\u2019-patient experiences and neurological sequelae of Japanese encephalitis","volume":"26","author":"L Turtle","year":"2019","journal-title":"Journal of Travel Medicine"},{"issue":"4","key":"pntd.0012510.ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"766","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2010.09-0748","article-title":"Japanese encephalitis disease burden and clinical features of Japanese encephalitis in four cities in the People\u2019s Republic of China","volume":"83","author":"Z Yin","year":"2010","journal-title":"American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene"},{"issue":"2","key":"pntd.0012510.ref008","article-title":"Joint spatiotemporal modelling reveals seasonally dynamic patterns of Japanese encephalitis vector abundance across India","volume":"16","author":"LHV Franklinos","year":"2022","journal-title":"Plos Neglected Tropical Diseases"},{"issue":"12","key":"pntd.0012510.ref009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1534","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens10121534","article-title":"The Ecology and Evolution of Japanese Encephalitis Virus","volume":"10","author":"P Mulvey","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pathogens"},{"issue":"10","key":"pntd.0012510.ref010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"949","DOI":"10.3390\/v11100949","article-title":"How central is the domestic pig in the epidemiological cycle of Japanese encephalitis virus? A review of scientific evidence and implications for disease control","volume":"11","author":"H Ladreyt","year":"2019","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"issue":"12","key":"pntd.0012510.ref011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0005149","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0005149","article-title":"Intensive circulation of Japanese encephalitis virus in peri-urban sentinel pigs near Phnom Penh, Cambodia","volume":"10","author":"J Cappelle","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS neglected tropical diseases"},{"issue":"6","key":"pntd.0012510.ref012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"796","DOI":"10.1038\/s41564-020-0714-0","article-title":"The continued threat of emerging flaviviruses","volume":"5","author":"TC Pierson","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nature Microbiology"},{"issue":"10","key":"pntd.0012510.ref013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0011422","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0011422","article-title":"Mosquito surveillance on U.S military installations as part of a Japanese encephalitis virus detection program: 2016 to 2021","volume":"17","author":"MF Olson","year":"2023","journal-title":"PLoS neglected tropical diseases"},{"issue":"1","key":"pntd.0012510.ref014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.3390\/v16010054","article-title":"Japanese Encephalitis: Risk of Emergence in the United States and the Resulting Impact","volume":"16","author":"TP Monath","year":"2023","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"issue":"1","key":"pntd.0012510.ref015","article-title":"Worldwide transmission and infection risk of mosquito vectors of West Nile, St. Louis encephalitis, Usutu and Japanese encephalitis viruses: a systematic review","volume":"13","author":"MJ Tols\u00e1-Garc\u00eda","year":"2023","journal-title":"Scientific Reports"},{"issue":"2","key":"pntd.0012510.ref016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.3390\/vetsci6020040","article-title":"Forecasting Zoonotic Infectious Disease Response to Climate Change: Mosquito Vectors and a Changing Environment","volume":"6","author":"AW Bartlow","year":"2019","journal-title":"Veterinary Sciences"},{"key":"pntd.0012510.ref017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2012.00198","article-title":"Global climate change and its potential impact on disease transmission by salinity-tolerant mosquito vectors in coastal zones","volume":"3","author":"R Ramasamy","year":"2012","journal-title":"Frontiers in physiology"},{"key":"pntd.0012510.ref018","first-page":"179","article-title":"Factors in the changing epidemiology of Japanese encephalitis and West Nile fever","author":"T. Tsai","year":"1997","journal-title":"Factors in the emergence of arbovirus diseases"},{"key":"pntd.0012510.ref019","article-title":"High-risk landscapes of Japanese encephalitis virus outbreaks in India converge on wetlands, rain-fed agriculture, wild Ardeidae, and domestic pigs and chickens","author":"MG Walsh","year":"2022","journal-title":"International Journal of Epidemiology"},{"issue":"2","key":"pntd.0012510.ref020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1089\/vbz.2014.1757","article-title":"A Preliminary Study to Forecast Japanese Encephalitis Vector Abundance in Paddy Growing Area, with the Aid of Radar Satellite Images","volume":"16","author":"KHK Raju","year":"2016","journal-title":"Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases"},{"key":"pntd.0012510.ref021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S16","DOI":"10.1093\/jtm\/tay009","article-title":"Japanese encephalitis: The vectors, ecology and potential for expansion","volume":"25","author":"JC Pearce","year":"2018","journal-title":"Journal of Travel Medicine"},{"issue":"1","key":"pntd.0012510.ref022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-021-04911-2","article-title":"Detection of the Japanese encephalitis vector mosquito Culex tritaeniorhynchus in Australia using molecular diagnostics and morphology","volume":"14","author":"BD Lessard","year":"2021","journal-title":"Parasites and Vectors"},{"issue":"6","key":"pntd.0012510.ref023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1208","DOI":"10.3390\/v14061208","article-title":"The Emergence of Japanese Encephalitis Virus in Australia in 2022: Existing Knowledge of Mosquito Vectors","volume":"14","author":"AF van den Hurk","year":"2022","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"issue":"12","key":"pntd.0012510.ref024","article-title":"Isolation and Genetic Characterization of Japanese Encephalitis Virus Two Decades after Its Elimination in Singapore","volume":"14","author":"MJ Lim","year":"2022","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"issue":"12","key":"pntd.0012510.ref025","article-title":"Rethinking Japanese Encephalitis Virus Transmission: A Framework for Implicating Host and Vector Species","volume":"9","author":"JS Lord","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases"},{"issue":"6","key":"pntd.0012510.ref026","first-page":"32","article-title":"Japanese Encephalitis Virus (JEV) infection in different vertebrates and its epidemiological significance: a Review","volume":"1","author":"S Bhattacharya","year":"2014","journal-title":"International Journal of Fauna and Biological Studies"},{"key":"pntd.0012510.ref027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prevetmed.2018.03.018","article-title":"Assessment of data on vector and host competence for Japanese encephalitis virus: A systematic review of the literature","volume":"154","author":"ARS Oliveira","year":"2018","journal-title":"Preventive Veterinary Medicine"},{"issue":"9","key":"pntd.0012510.ref028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens9090719","article-title":"Comparison of Japanese encephalitis force of infection in pigs, poultry and dogs in Cambodian villages","volume":"9","author":"H Ladreyt","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pathogens"},{"issue":"1","key":"pntd.0012510.ref029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31314","DOI":"10.1038\/srep31314","article-title":"Declining ecosystem health and the dilution effect","volume":"6","author":"H Khalil","year":"2016","journal-title":"Scientific Reports"},{"issue":"5","key":"pntd.0012510.ref030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"448","DOI":"10.7883\/yoken.65.448","article-title":"Follow-up survey of Japanese encephalitis virus infection in Kumamoto Prefecture, South-West Japan: Status during 2009\u20132011","volume":"65","author":"E Konishi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Japanese Journal of Infectious Diseases"},{"issue":"7","key":"pntd.0012510.ref031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.7326\/M18-0850","article-title":"PRISMA Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR): Checklist and Explanation","volume":"169","author":"AC Tricco","year":"2018","journal-title":"Annals of Internal Medicine"},{"issue":"1","key":"pntd.0012510.ref032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.18637\/jss.v040.i01","article-title":"The split-apply-combine strategy for data analysis","volume":"40","author":"H. Wickham","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of Statistical Software"},{"key":"pntd.0012510.ref033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-24277-4","volume-title":"ggplot2: Elegant Graphics for Data Analysis","author":"H. Wickham","year":"2016"},{"key":"pntd.0012510.ref034","unstructured":"R Core Team. R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing. Vienna, Austria: R Foundation for Statistical Computing; 2022."},{"key":"pntd.0012510.ref035","article-title":"How to perform a meta-analysis with R: a practical tutorial","author":"S Balduzzi","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMJ Ment Health"},{"key":"pntd.0012510.ref036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.18637\/jss.v036.i03","article-title":"Conducting meta-analyses in R with the metafor package","volume":"36","author":"W. Viechtbauer","year":"2010","journal-title":"Journal of statistical software"},{"issue":"3","key":"pntd.0012510.ref037","first-page":"341","article-title":"Difference in dissemination of the virus of Japanese-B-encephalitis among domestic animals and human beings in Japan","volume":"46","author":"AB Sabin","year":"1947","journal-title":"American Journal of Hygiene"},{"issue":"3","key":"pntd.0012510.ref038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"625","DOI":"10.3390\/v15030625","article-title":"Molecular Detection and Genetic Characterization of Japanese Encephalitis Virus in Animals from 11 Provinces in China","volume":"15","author":"G Zhao","year":"2023","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"issue":"2","key":"pntd.0012510.ref039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"659","DOI":"10.7589\/0090-3558-46.2.659","article-title":"Serosurveillance for Japanese encephalitis and West Nile viruses in resident birds in Hawai\u2019i","volume":"46","author":"NM Nemeth","year":"2010","journal-title":"Journal of Wildlife Diseases"},{"issue":"7","key":"pntd.0012510.ref040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"798","DOI":"10.1111\/zph.12501","article-title":"Detection of Japanese Encephalitis Virus in bone marrow of healthy young wild birds collected in 1997\u20132000 in Central Italy","volume":"65","author":"S Preziuso","year":"2018","journal-title":"Zoonoses and Public Health"},{"issue":"32","key":"pntd.0012510.ref041","article-title":"Does the Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) represent a threat for human health in Europe? Detection of JEV RNA sequences in birds collected in Italy","volume":"17","author":"A Platonov","year":"2012","journal-title":"Euro surveillance: bulletin Europeen sur les maladies transmissibles = European communicable disease bulletin"},{"issue":"6","key":"pntd.0012510.ref042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.157.6.168","article-title":"Japanese encephalitis in a racing thoroughbred gelding in Hong Kong","volume":"157","author":"KHK Lam","year":"2005","journal-title":"Veterinary Record"},{"issue":"1","key":"pntd.0012510.ref043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/1746-6148-10-63","article-title":"Japanese encephalitis in a 114-month-old cow: pathological investigation of the affected cow and genetic characterization of Japanese encephalitis virus isolate","volume":"10","author":"N Kako","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMC Veterinary Research"},{"issue":"2","key":"pntd.0012510.ref044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.4142\/jvs.2012.13.2.111","article-title":"Isolation and genetic characterization of Japanese encephalitis virus from equines in India","volume":"13","author":"BR Gulati","year":"2012","journal-title":"Journal of Veterinary Science"},{"issue":"10","key":"pntd.0012510.ref045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3448","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.00737-13","article-title":"Nonsuppurative encephalomyelitis in a calf in Japan and isolation of Japanese encephalitis virus genotype 1 from the affected calf","volume":"51","author":"T Katayama","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Microbiology"},{"issue":"1","key":"pntd.0012510.ref046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1111\/zph.12882","article-title":"Japanese encephalitis virus infection in meerkats (Suricata suricatta)","volume":"69","author":"C Piewbang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Zoonoses and Public Health"},{"issue":"7","key":"pntd.0012510.ref047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1136","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1607.091757","article-title":"Dogs as sentinels for human infection with japanese encephalitis Virus","volume":"16","author":"H Shimoda","year":"2010","journal-title":"Emerging Infectious Diseases"},{"issue":"1\/2","key":"pntd.0012510.ref048","first-page":"96","article-title":"Serologic evidence of West Nile Virus in wild ducks captured in major inland resting sites for migratory waterfowl in South Korea","volume":"154","author":"J Yeh","year":"2012","journal-title":"Veterinary Microbiology"},{"issue":"10","key":"pntd.0012510.ref049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0275647","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0275647","article-title":"Estimation of Japanese encephalitis virus infection prevalence in mosquitoes and bats through nationwide sentinel surveillance in Indonesia","volume":"17","author":"A Diptyanusa","year":"2022","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"pntd.0012510.ref050","first-page":"280","article-title":"The detection of Japanese encephalitis virus in Megachiropteran bats in West Kalimantan, Indonesia: A potential enzootic transmission pattern in the absence of pig holdings","volume":"14","author":"A Diptyanusa","year":"2021","journal-title":"International Journal for Parasitology: Parasites and Wildlife"},{"issue":"2","key":"pntd.0012510.ref051","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268815000928","article-title":"Trend of Japanese encephalitis in Uttar Pradesh, India from 2011 to 2013","volume":"144","author":"P Jain","year":"2016","journal-title":"Epidemiology and Infection"},{"issue":"0","key":"pntd.0012510.ref052","first-page":"1","article-title":"Spatio-temporal epidemiology of Japanese encephalitis virus infection in pig populations of eastern Uttar Pradesh, India, 2013\u20132022","volume":"0","author":"H Dhanze","year":"2024","journal-title":"Zoonoses and Public Health"},{"issue":"2","key":"pntd.0012510.ref053","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.4103\/0972-9062.335769","article-title":"First report on the detection of Japanese encephalitis virus in fruit bats from India","volume":"59","author":"H Dhanze","year":"2022","journal-title":"Journal of Vector Borne Diseases"},{"issue":"6","key":"pntd.0012510.ref054","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"939","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1506.081525","article-title":"Japanese encephalitis viruses from bats in Yunnan, China","volume":"15","author":"JL Wang","year":"2009","journal-title":"Emerging Infectious Diseases"},{"issue":"12","key":"pntd.0012510.ref055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2543","DOI":"10.1007\/s00705-013-1777-5","article-title":"Comparison of genomic and amino acid sequences of eight Japanese encephalitis virus isolates from bats","volume":"158","author":"S Liu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Archives of Virology"},{"issue":"6","key":"pntd.0012510.ref056","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1007","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2008.78.1007","article-title":"Detection of Japanese encephalitis virus antibodies in bats in Southern China","volume":"78","author":"J Cui","year":"2008","journal-title":"American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene"},{"key":"pntd.0012510.ref057","first-page":"527","article-title":"Antibodies against Japanese encephalitis virus in insectivorous bats from Karnataka","volume":"87","author":"K Banerjee","year":"1988","journal-title":"Indian Journal of Medical Research"},{"key":"pntd.0012510.ref058","first-page":"57","article-title":"Sero-prevalence of Japanese encephalitis virus in various species of animals in Singapore\u2014a preliminary study","volume":"28","author":"YN Lin","year":"2000","journal-title":"Singapore Journal of Primary Industries"},{"issue":"1","key":"pntd.0012510.ref059","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a112009","article-title":"Study of Japanese encephalitis-virus in Chiangmai Valley, Thailand. 5. Animal infections","volume":"100","author":"DO Johnsen","year":"1974","journal-title":"American Journal of Epidemiology"},{"issue":"2","key":"pntd.0012510.ref060","first-page":"194","article-title":"Seroepidemiological survey on dengue and Japanese encephalitis virus infections in Asian monkeys","volume":"15","author":"J Yuwono","year":"1984","journal-title":"Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Medicine and Public Health"},{"issue":"8","key":"pntd.0012510.ref061","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1035","DOI":"10.1292\/jvms.71.1035","article-title":"Detection of antibodies against Japanese encephalitis virus in raccoons, raccoon dogs and wild boars in Japan","volume":"71","author":"Y Ohno","year":"2009","journal-title":"Journal of Veterinary Medical Science"},{"issue":"12","key":"pntd.0012510.ref062","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"777","DOI":"10.1089\/vbz.2015.1934","article-title":"Serological Prevalence Against Japanese Encephalitis Virus-Serocomplex Flaviviruses in Commensal and Field Rodents in South China","volume":"16","author":"Jiang L-n Chen S-w","year":"2016","journal-title":"Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases"},{"issue":"5","key":"pntd.0012510.ref063","first-page":"324","article-title":"North American birds as potential amplifying hosts of Japanese encephalitis virus","volume":"81","author":"N Nemeth","year":"2009","journal-title":"American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene"},{"issue":"4","key":"pntd.0012510.ref064","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01318247","article-title":"Natural and experimental infections of Japanese tree sparrows with Japanese encephalitis-virus","volume":"49","author":"T Hasegawa","year":"1975","journal-title":"Archives of Virology"},{"issue":"3","key":"pntd.0012510.ref065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2004.04.010","article-title":"Seroepidemiology of neutralizing antibodies to Japanese encephalitis virus in Singapore: Continued transmission despite abolishment of pig farming?","volume":"92","author":"SHL Ting","year":"2004","journal-title":"Acta Tropica"},{"issue":"JAN","key":"pntd.0012510.ref066","first-page":"1","article-title":"Mosquito collection in heronries and antibodies to Japanese encephalitis-virus in birds in Asansol-Dhanbad region","volume":"71","author":"FU Khan","year":"1980","journal-title":"Indian Journal of Medical Research"},{"issue":"3","key":"pntd.0012510.ref067","first-page":"185","article-title":"Serological evidence for Japanese encephalitis virus and West Nile virus infections in water frequenting and terrestrial wild birds in Kolar District, Karnataka State, India. A retrospective study","volume":"47","author":"AV Jamgaonkar","year":"2003","journal-title":"Acta Virologica"},{"issue":"1","key":"pntd.0012510.ref068","article-title":"Serological evidence of continued Japanese encephalitis virus transmission in Singapore nearly three decades after end of pig farming","volume":"12","author":"G Yap","year":"2019","journal-title":"Parasites and Vectors"},{"issue":"2","key":"pntd.0012510.ref069","first-page":"87","article-title":"Seroepidemiological study of Japanese encephalitis in Dimapur, Nagaland","volume":"21","author":"K Angami","year":"1989","journal-title":"Journal of Communicable Diseases"},{"issue":"6","key":"pntd.0012510.ref070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"454","DOI":"10.1016\/0035-9203(74)90068-6","article-title":"Arbovirus infections in reptiles: Immunological evidence for a high incidence of Japanese encephalitis virus in the cobra Naja naja","volume":"68","author":"KF Shortridge","year":"1974","journal-title":"Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene"},{"issue":"2","key":"pntd.0012510.ref071","first-page":"161","article-title":"Arbovirus infections in reptiles: studies on the presence of Japanese encephalitis virus antibody in the plasma of the turtle, Trionyx sinensis","volume":"6","author":"KF Shortridge","year":"1975","journal-title":"Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Medicine and Public Health"},{"key":"pntd.0012510.ref072","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2017.01.014","article-title":"Japanese encephalitis virus infection, diagnosis and control in domestic animals","volume":"201","author":"KL Mansfield","year":"2017","journal-title":"Veterinary Microbiology"},{"issue":"Pt 12","key":"pntd.0012510.ref073","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2821","DOI":"10.1099\/vir.0.031641-0","article-title":"Flavivirus-induced antibody cross-reactivity","volume":"92","author":"KL Mansfield","year":"2011","journal-title":"The Journal of general virology"},{"issue":"6","key":"pntd.0012510.ref074","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"669","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pathol.2022.07.001","article-title":"Emergence of Japanese encephalitis in Australia: a diagnostic perspective","volume":"54","author":"D Pham","year":"2022","journal-title":"Pathology"},{"key":"pntd.0012510.ref075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113705","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jviromet.2019.113705","article-title":"Development of recombinant nonstructural 1 protein based indirect enzyme linked immunosorbent assay for sero-surveillance of Japanese encephalitis in swine","volume":"272","author":"H Dhanze","year":"2019","journal-title":"Journal of virological methods"},{"key":"pntd.0012510.ref076","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112848","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jim.2020.112848","article-title":"Detection of recent infection of Japanese encephalitis virus in swine population using IgM ELISA: a suitable sentinel to predict infection in humans","volume":"486","author":"H Dhanze","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of immunological methods"},{"issue":"3","key":"pntd.0012510.ref077","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00017-06","article-title":"Bats: important reservoir hosts of emerging viruses","volume":"19","author":"CH Calisher","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clinical microbiology reviews"},{"issue":"3","key":"pntd.0012510.ref078","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/v11030215","article-title":"Can Bats Serve as Reservoirs for Arboviruses?","volume":"11","author":"AC Fagre","year":"2019","journal-title":"Viruses-Basel"},{"issue":"3","key":"pntd.0012510.ref079","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2009.81.457","article-title":"Transmission of Japanese encephalitis virus from the black flying fox, Pteropus alecto, to Culex annulirostris mosquitoes, despite the absence of detectable viremia","volume":"81","author":"AF Van Den Hurk","year":"2009","journal-title":"American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene"},{"key":"pntd.0012510.ref080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"La Motte LC. Japanese B encephalitis in bats during simulated hibernation. 1958.","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a119912"},{"issue":"6","key":"pntd.0012510.ref081","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1225","DOI":"10.1093\/icb\/icw064","article-title":"Host competence: an organismal trait to integrate immunology and epidemiology","volume":"56","author":"LB Martin","year":"2016","journal-title":"Integrative and Comparative Biology"},{"issue":"2","key":"pntd.0012510.ref082","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(07)70030-3","article-title":"West nile virus","volume":"6","author":"LD Kramer","year":"2007","journal-title":"The Lancet Neurology"},{"issue":"DEC","key":"pntd.0012510.ref083","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"655","DOI":"10.1038\/icb.1983.62","article-title":"Primary viraemia and responses of herons to experimental infection with Murray Valley encepahlitis, Kunjin and Japanese encephalitis viruses","volume":"61","author":"DB Boyle","year":"1983","journal-title":"Australian Journal of Experimental Biology and Medical Science"},{"issue":"4","key":"pntd.0012510.ref084","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2001.65.379","article-title":"Experimental infections of pigs with Japanese encephalitis virus and closely related Australian flaviviruses","volume":"65","author":"DT Williams","year":"2001","journal-title":"American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene"},{"issue":"3","key":"pntd.0012510.ref085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/v13030357","article-title":"Potential role of birds in japanese encephalitis virus zoonotic transmission and genotype shift","volume":"13","author":"M Hameed","year":"2021","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"issue":"1","key":"pntd.0012510.ref086","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2577","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-46151-9","article-title":"Ecological countermeasures to prevent pathogen spillover and subsequent pandemics","volume":"15","author":"RK Plowright","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nature Communications"},{"issue":"8","key":"pntd.0012510.ref087","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"502","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro.2017.45","article-title":"Pathways to zoonotic spillover","volume":"15","author":"RK Plowright","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nature Reviews Microbiology"},{"issue":"3","key":"pntd.0012510.ref088","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1002\/rmv.314","article-title":"Persistence of arboviruses and antiviral antibodies in vertebrate hosts: its occurrence and impacts","volume":"11","author":"G. Kuno","year":"2001","journal-title":"Reviews in Medical Virology"},{"key":"pntd.0012510.ref089","unstructured":"Sulkin SE, Allen R. Virus infections in bats1974. viii+103pp.-viii+pp. p."},{"key":"pntd.0012510.ref090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.ento.54.110807.090510","article-title":"Ecology and Geographical Expansion of Japanese Encephalitis Virus","volume":"54","author":"AF van den Hurk","year":"2009","journal-title":"Annual Review of Entomology"},{"issue":"2","key":"pntd.0012510.ref091","first-page":"125","article-title":"Studies on Japanese encephalitis virus infection of reptiles. II. Role of lizards on hibernation of Japanese encephalitis virus","volume":"53","author":"R Doi","year":"1983","journal-title":"Japanese Journal of Experimental Medicine"},{"issue":"4","key":"pntd.0012510.ref092","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1099\/jgv.0.001832","article-title":"A review of reptile virus experimental infection studies","volume":"104","author":"JP Wesson","year":"2023","journal-title":"Journal of General Virology"},{"issue":"3","key":"pntd.0012510.ref093","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1089\/vbz.2008.0128","article-title":"Serological examination of songbirds (Passeriformes) for mosquito-borne viruses Sindbis, \u0164ahy\u0148a, and Batai in a South Moravian wetland (Czech Republic)","volume":"9","author":"Z Ju\u0159icov\u00e1","year":"2009","journal-title":"Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases"},{"issue":"1","key":"pntd.0012510.ref094","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2013.04.015","article-title":"Resurgence of West Nile neurologic disease in the United States in 2012: What happened? What needs to be done?","volume":"99","author":"DWC Beasley","year":"2013","journal-title":"Antiviral Research"},{"key":"pntd.0012510.ref095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4291","DOI":"10.2147\/IDR.S336351","article-title":"Magnitude of antibody cross-reactivity in medically important mosquito-borne flaviviruses: a systematic review","author":"A Endale","year":"2021","journal-title":"Infection and drug resistance"},{"key":"pntd.0012510.ref096","first-page":"12","article-title":"Serological cross-reactivity among common flaviviruses","author":"KR Chan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology"},{"issue":"4","key":"pntd.0012510.ref097","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"760","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2012.12-0141","article-title":"North American birds as potential amplifying hosts of Japanese encephalitis virus","volume":"87","author":"N Nemeth","year":"2012","journal-title":"American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene"},{"issue":"6","key":"pntd.0012510.ref098","first-page":"881","article-title":"Experimental viraemia and transmission of Japanese encephalitis virus by mosquitoes in domestic ducks","volume":"66","author":"V Dhanda","year":"1977","journal-title":"Indian J Med Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"pntd.0012510.ref099","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007087419000049","article-title":"Life cycle of a star: Carl Sagan and the circulation of reputation","volume":"52","author":"O. Marsh","year":"2019","journal-title":"The British Journal for the History of Science"},{"key":"pntd.0012510.ref100","unstructured":"Agriculture Victoria. Japanese encephalitis\u2014Frequently asked questions: Department of Energy, Environment and Climate Action; 2024 [01\/04\/2024]. https:\/\/agriculture.vic.gov.au\/biosecurity\/animal-diseases\/important-animal-diseases\/japanese-encephalitis\/japanese-encephalitis-frequently-asked-questions."},{"issue":"2","key":"pntd.0012510.ref101","article-title":"Mosquito-borne viruses and non-human vertebrates in australia: A review","volume":"13","author":"OTW Ong","year":"2021","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"issue":"1","key":"pntd.0012510.ref102","article-title":"Japanese Encephalitis Virus in Australia: From Known Known to Known Unknown","volume":"4","author":"AF van den Hurk","year":"2019","journal-title":"Trop Med Infect Dis"}],"updated-by":[{"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0012510","type":"new_version","label":"New version","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,16]],"date-time":"2024-10-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1729036800000}}],"container-title":["PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.0012510","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,16]],"date-time":"2024-10-16T13:38:01Z","timestamp":1729085881000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.0012510"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Richard A.","family":"Bowen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,4]]},"references-count":102,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,4]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.0012510","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1101\/2024.04.18.589998","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["1935-2735"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1935-2735","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,4]]}}}