{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,16]],"date-time":"2026-05-16T04:04:53Z","timestamp":1778904293003,"version":"3.51.4"},"update-to":[{"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0012529","type":"new_version","label":"New version","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,31]],"date-time":"2024-12-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735603200000}}],"reference-count":100,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,17]],"date-time":"2024-12-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1734393600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006955","name":"Office of Extramural Research, National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DP2AI184544"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DP2AI184544"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006955","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"University of Washington School of Medicine"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006955","name":"Office of Extramural Research, National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01AI136976"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01AI136976"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006955","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004325","name":"AstraZeneca","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004325","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosntds.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS Negl Trop Dis"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Soil-transmitted parasitic nematodes infect over 1 billion people worldwide and are a common source of neglected disease. <jats:italic>Strongyloides stercoralis<\/jats:italic> is a potentially fatal skin-penetrating human parasite that is endemic to tropical and subtropical regions around the world. The complex life cycle of <jats:italic>Strongyloides<\/jats:italic> species is unique among human-parasitic nematodes in that it includes a single free-living generation featuring soil-dwelling, bacterivorous adults whose progeny all develop into infective larvae. The sensory behaviors that enable free-living <jats:italic>Strongyloides<\/jats:italic> adults to navigate and survive soil environments are unknown. <jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>stercoralis<\/jats:italic> infective larvae display parasite-specific sensory-driven behaviors, including robust attraction to mammalian body heat. In contrast, the free-living model nematode <jats:italic>Caenorhabditis elegans<\/jats:italic> displays thermosensory behaviors that guide adult worms to stay within a physiologically permissive range of environmental temperatures. Do <jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>stercoralis<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>C<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>elegans<\/jats:italic> free-living adults, which experience similar environmental stressors, display common thermal preferences? Here, we characterize the thermosensory behaviors of the free-living adults of <jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>stercoralis<\/jats:italic> as well as those of the closely related rat parasite, <jats:italic>Strongyloides ratti<\/jats:italic>. We find that <jats:italic>Strongyloides<\/jats:italic> free-living adults are exclusively attracted to near-tropical temperatures, despite their inability to infect mammalian hosts. We further show that lifespan is shorter at higher temperatures for free-living <jats:italic>Strongyloides<\/jats:italic> adults, similar to the effect of temperature on <jats:italic>C<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>elegans<\/jats:italic> lifespan. However, we also find that the reproductive potential of the free-living life stage is enhanced at warmer temperatures, particularly for <jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>stercoralis<\/jats:italic>. Together, our results reveal a novel role for thermotaxis to maximize the infectious capacity of obligate parasites and provide insight into the biological adaptations that may contribute to their endemicity in tropical climates.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0012529","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,17]],"date-time":"2024-12-17T18:41:03Z","timestamp":1734460863000},"page":"e0012529","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Thermosensory behaviors of the free-living life stages of Strongyloides species support parasitism in tropical environments"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Ben 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