{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,24]],"date-time":"2026-07-24T17:40:41Z","timestamp":1784914841357,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,9]],"date-time":"2024-10-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1728432000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Ningxia Medical University talent launch project","award":["XT2022013"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["XT2022013"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosntds.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS Negl Trop Dis"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"sec001\">\n<jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Ticks carry and transmit a wide range of pathogens (bacteria, viruses, and protozoa) that pose significant threats to human and animal health worldwide. Only few meta-analyses have been conducted on the distribution of ticks and tick-borne spotted fever group rickettsia (SFGR). Therefore, this study aims to examine the tick species and SFGR positivity in China in order to provide support for further research and improvements in the prevention and control of tick-borne diseases.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec002\">\n<jats:title>Methodology<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>This systematic review was performed in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Relevant Chinese and English studies were retrieved from PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), VIP database, Chinese Biomedical literature database (CBM) and Wanfang database from inception to January 9, 2023. Pooled SFGR positive rate was meta-analyzed using a random effects model and heterogeneity was assessed by the I2 index. Publication bias was also evaluated by funnel plot and Egger\u2019s test. The meta-analysis was performed on R studio 4.0.4.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec003\">\n<jats:title>Principal findings<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Meta-analysis of 57 studies published between 2000 and 2022 involving 39,380 ticks revealed a pooled SFGR positive rate of 21.4% (Q = 6423.74, I<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> = 99%, Q-<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>&lt;0.001, 95% CI: 15.0\u201329.6). Most studies of tick-borne SFGR infection rate were conducted in forest areas and developed animal husbandry areas in the northern region. There were slightly more tick species in the southern region, but the differences in tick species (Feeding tick 31.5%, 95%CI: 15.7\u201353.2, Questing tick 11.5%, 95%CI: 4.4\u201326.7, Q = 3.29, Q-<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.19) between areas (Northern area 20.4%, 95%CI: 14.1\u201328.7, Southern area 25.5%, 95%CI: 15.0\u201329.6, Q = 0.21, Q-<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.64) were not statistically significant. The most common tick species were <jats:italic>Dermacentor silvarum<\/jats:italic> (13%), <jats:italic>Ixodes persulcatus<\/jats:italic> (11%) and <jats:italic>Haemaphysalis Iongicornis<\/jats:italic> (10%), and the most prevalent SFGR species were <jats:italic>Rickettsia raoultii<\/jats:italic> (20%), <jats:italic>Rickettsia heilongjiangiensis<\/jats:italic> (11%), and some uncultured species (18%).<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec004\">\n<jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>This study examined the distribution of tick-borne SFGR in China. Our findings revealed that the main tick species were <jats:italic>D<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>silvarum<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>I<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>persulcatus<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>H<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>iongicornis<\/jats:italic>, and the common SFGR species were <jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>raoultii<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>heilongjiangiensis<\/jats:italic>, and some uncultured species. Further studies are warranted to identify the potential vectors of SFGR and to better understand the epidemiology and pathogenesis of tick-borne diseases in China.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0012550","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,9]],"date-time":"2024-10-09T17:23:09Z","timestamp":1728494589000},"page":"e0012550","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["A systematic review and meta-analysis of the prevalence of tick-borne SFGR in China from 2000 to 2022"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Yanchao","family":"Hu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4142-5112","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ting","family":"Yin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiangwei","family":"Qiu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiaxing","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qingan","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,9]]},"reference":[{"issue":"8","key":"pntd.0012550.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2117","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2708.203661","article-title":"Spotted Fever Group Rickettsioses in Israel, 2010\u20132019","volume":"27","author":"R Cohen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"issue":"12","key":"pntd.0012550.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2524","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2812.221097","article-title":"Natural Mediterranean Spotted Fever Foci, Qingdao, China","volume":"28","author":"XL Gu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"issue":"6","key":"pntd.0012550.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1567","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2706.191662","article-title":"Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever in a Large Metropolitan Center, Mexico-United States Border, 2009\u20132019","volume":"27","author":"OE Zazueta","year":"2021","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"issue":"5","key":"pntd.0012550.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"715","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2016.02.023","article-title":"Diversity of spotted fever group Rickettsia infection in hard ticks from Suifenhe, Chinese-Russian border.","volume":"7","author":"C Cheng","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ticks Tick Borne Dis"},{"issue":"01","key":"pntd.0012550.ref005","first-page":"86","article-title":"Research progress of common tick-borne Rickettsia. 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