{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T14:30:35Z","timestamp":1787063435688,"version":"build-2736575974"},"update-to":[{"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0012603","type":"new_version","label":"New version","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,31]],"date-time":"2024-10-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1730332800000}}],"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,21]],"date-time":"2024-10-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1729468800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000272","name":"National Institute for Health Research (UK).","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["NIHR 200140"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NIHR 200140"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000272","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosntds.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS Negl Trop Dis"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"sec001\">\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Podoconiosis is a stigmatising neglected tropical condition, but the nature of podoconiosis stigma has not been fully explored. There is a growing understanding that the experience of stigma is intersectional, yet no research has been done on this matter in relation to podoconiosis. The aim of this paper is to contribute to the understanding of podoconiosis-related stigma by illustrating how multiple individuals\u2019 positionalities intersect to shape the experience of stigma due to podoconiosis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec002\">\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We used qualitative research to explore the experience of stigma among people affected by podoconiosis. Data were gathered using participant observation, interviews, focus group discussions and participatory methods. A total of 59 participants, including patients, local leaders, community health workers, and family members, were purposively selected to participate in this study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec003\">\n                    <jats:title>Findings<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We identified three features in which stigma related to podoconiosis was grounded. These were bodily deformation, illness contamination and bodily weakness. The experience of stigma was shaped by the convergence of multiple individual positionalities and identities. Social positionalities and identities based on socio-economic, gender, age and illness status intersected to shape podoconiosis stigma.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec004\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our study demonstrates that the experience of stigma due to podoconiosis is intersectional, going beyond biological features of podoconiosis. The stigma experienced by affected individuals is complex, and shaped by the convergence of social structures and many individual identities such as socio-economic status, gender, disability and age. This understanding is crucial to analysing stigma related to podoconiosis, or other NTDs, and for designing interventions that address stigma that arise from biological aspects of disease and social factors simultaneously. Such holistic interventions can significantly improve the well-being of those affected by podoconiosis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0012603","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,21]],"date-time":"2024-10-21T13:39:56Z","timestamp":1729517996000},"page":"e0012603","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Uncovering intersecting stigmas experienced by people affected by podoconiosis in Nyamasheke district, Rwanda"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8433-3069","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jean Paul","family":"Bikorimana","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gail","family":"Davey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Josephine","family":"Mukabera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zaman","family":"Shahaduz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter J.","family":"Mugume","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Papreen","family":"Nahar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,21]]},"reference":[{"issue":"13","key":"pntd.0012603.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1200","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1108448","article-title":"HLA class II locus and susceptibility to podoconiosis","volume":"366","author":"F Tekola Ayele","year":"2012","journal-title":"New England Journal of Medicine"},{"issue":"12","key":"pntd.0012603.ref002","first-page":"e0007925","article-title":"Mapping the global distribution of podoconiosis: Applying an evidence consensus approach.","volume":"13","author":"K Deribe","year":"2019"},{"issue":"5","key":"pntd.0012603.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e671","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(19)30072-5","article-title":"Geographical distribution and prevalence of podoconiosis in Rwanda: a cross-sectional country-wide survey","volume":"7","author":"K Deribe","year":"2019","journal-title":"The Lancet Global Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"pntd.0012603.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-13-1178","article-title":"Stigma towards a neglected tropical disease: felt and enacted stigma scores among podoconiosis patients in Northern Ethiopia.","volume":"13","author":"K Deribe","year":"2013","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"issue":"5","key":"pntd.0012603.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trstmh.2008.01.023","article-title":"High levels of misconceptions and stigma in a community highly endemic for podoconiosis in southern Ethiopia","volume":"102","author":"B Yakob","year":"2008","journal-title":"Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene"},{"issue":"1","key":"pntd.0012603.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/2193-1801-3-647","article-title":"Extent of podoconiosis-related stigma in Wolaita Zone, Southern Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study.","volume":"3","author":"A Tora","year":"2014","journal-title":"Springerplus"},{"issue":"4","key":"pntd.0012603.ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"623","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2012.12-0204","article-title":"The association of beliefs about heredity with preventive and interpersonal behaviors in communities affected by podoconiosis in rural Ethiopia","volume":"87","author":"D Ayode","year":"2012","journal-title":"The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene"},{"issue":"12","key":"pntd.0012603.ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0207571","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0207571","article-title":"I should not feed such a weak womanIntimate partner violence among women living with podoconiosis: A qualitative study in northern Ethiopia.","volume":"13","author":"G Tsegay","year":"2018","journal-title":"PloS one"},{"key":"pntd.0012603.ref009","first-page":"139","article-title":"Demarginalizing the intersection of race and sex: A black feminist critique of antidiscrimination doctrine, feminist theory and antiracist politics.","author":"K. 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