{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,22]],"date-time":"2026-06-22T09:29:17Z","timestamp":1782120557500,"version":"3.54.5"},"update-to":[{"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0012647","type":"new_version","label":"New version","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,2]],"date-time":"2024-12-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1733097600000}}],"reference-count":65,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,18]],"date-time":"2024-11-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1731888000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosntds.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS Negl Trop Dis"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"sec001\">\n<jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The city of Abidjan, C\u00f4te d\u2019Ivoire has increasingly faced multiple outbreaks of <jats:italic>Aedes<\/jats:italic> mosquito-borne arboviral diseases (e.g., dengue (DEN) and yellow fever (YF)) during the recent years, 2017\u20132024. Thus, we assessed and compared <jats:italic>Aedes aegypti<\/jats:italic> larval and adult population dynamics and <jats:italic>Stegomyia<\/jats:italic> indices in four urbanized areas with differential arboviral incidences in Abidjan, C\u00f4te d\u2019Ivoire.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec002\">\n<jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>From August 2019 to July 2020, we sampled <jats:italic>Aedes<\/jats:italic> mosquito immatures (larvae and pupae), adults and breeding habitats in Anono and Gbagba with high arboviral incidences and Ayakro and Entente with low arboviral incidences in the Abidjan city, using standardized methods. Sampling was conducted in the peridomestic and domestic (indoors and outdoors) premises during short dry season (SDS), short rainy season (SRS), long dry season (LDS) and long rainy season (LRS). The abdomens and ovaries of <jats:italic>Ae<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>aegypti<\/jats:italic> females were examined to determine their blood-meal and parity statuses. <jats:italic>Stegomyia<\/jats:italic> indices (container index: CI, house index: HI and Breteau index: BI), blood-meal status and parity rates were compared by study sites and seasons and with the World Health Organization (WHO)-established epidemic thresholds.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec003\">\n<jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Overall, <jats:italic>Aedes<\/jats:italic> and arboviral risk indices were high and similar between the four study areas. In total, 86,796 mosquitoes were identified and dominated by <jats:italic>Ae<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>aegypti<\/jats:italic> species (97.14%, 84,317\/86,796). The most productive larval breeding habitats were tires, discarded containers and water storage containers. CI, HI, and BI in Anono (22.4%, 33.5% and 89.5), Ayakro (23.1%, 43.8% and 91.0), Entente (15.9%, 24.8% and 48.5) and Gbagba (23.3%, 43.0% and 102.0) were high in the respective study sites. <jats:italic>Stegomyia<\/jats:italic> indices were higher than the WHO-established epidemic thresholds during any seasons for DEN, and LRS and SRS for YF. The numbers of <jats:italic>Ae<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>aegypti<\/jats:italic>-positive breeding sites were higher in the domestic premises (68.0%, 900\/1,324) than in the peridomestic premises (32.0%, 424\/1,324). In the domestic premises, <jats:italic>Ae<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>aegypti<\/jats:italic>-positive breeding sites (94.6%, 851\/4,360) and adult individuals (93.4%, 856\/916) were mostly found outdoors of houses. <jats:italic>Aedes aegypti<\/jats:italic> adult females were mostly unfed (51.3%, 203\/396), followed by blood-fed (22.2%, 88\/396), gravid (13.9%, 55\/396) and half-gravid (12.6%, 50\/396), and had parity rate of 49.7% (197\/396) that was comparable between the study sites.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec004\">\n<jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The city of Abidjan, C\u00f4te d\u2019Ivoire is highly infested with <jats:italic>Ae<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>aegypti<\/jats:italic> which showed comparable ecological patterns across study sites and seasons. Thus, the local communities are exposed to high and permanent risks of transmission of DEN and YF viruses that were above the WHO-established epidemic thresholds throughout. The results provide a baseline for future vector studies needed to further characterize the observed patterns of local <jats:italic>Ae<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>aegypti<\/jats:italic> abundances and behaviors, and risks of transmission of these arboviruses. Community-based larval source management of identified productive containers might reduce <jats:italic>Ae<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>aegypti<\/jats:italic> numbers and risks of transmission of <jats:italic>Aedes<\/jats:italic>-borne arboviruses in Abidjan, and other sub-Saharan African cities.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0012647","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,18]],"date-time":"2024-11-18T18:40:57Z","timestamp":1731955257000},"page":"e0012647","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Assessing the ecological patterns of Aedes aegypti in areas with high arboviral risks in the large city of Abidjan, C\u00f4te d\u2019Ivoire"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-5464-727X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Claver N.","family":"Adjobi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julien Z. 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