{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T17:39:36Z","timestamp":1789666776370,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,20]],"date-time":"2024-11-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1732060800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosntds.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS Negl Trop Dis"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"sec001\">\n<jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Cutaneous Leishmaniasis (CL) is a neglected tropical disease endemic in Brazil. Morbidity and disabilities caused by CL lesions require an analysis of a Global Burden of Disease (GBD), which would help discern the impact on the Brazilian population. Herein, we assess the burden of CL and its spatial and temporal patterns in Brazil between 2001 and 2021.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec002\">\n<jats:title>Methodology\/Principal findings<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>We estimated rates per 100,000 population for years lived with disabilities (YLD), years of life lost prematurely (YLL) and disability-adjusted life years (DALY) for each year of the study, sex assigned at birth, age group, and for each municipality in Brazil. In addition, the relative changes in these metrics over time for each region and sex were determined, as well as temporal trends using segmented joinpoint regression models. Using spatiotemporal analysis tools, we created choropleth maps representing DALY, YLD and YLL for three distinct periods (P1 = 2001 to 2007; P2 = 2008 to 2014; P3 = 2015 to 2021). These maps were constructed to visualize the inferences from Bayesian spatial statistics and Moran\u2019s autocorrelation using the Poisson model. The data were obtained from the DATASUS database. Although the global burden of CL has reduced over two decades, with the continual high impact among adults aged 20 to 39 years. In turn, YLL increased over time in 40-year-old populations, while among the elderly (&gt;60 years old) this rate almost doubled from 2010 to 2021. Regarding the region of residence, we observed an average increase of 28% in YLL in Southeast, South and Central-West. Furthermore, the global burden of CL does not have a random spatial distribution, since there was a high-risk clustering of YLD in the north of the country. Interestingly, the YLL showed a vast geographic expansion through Brazilian territory.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec003\">\n<jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>This study provides a comprehensive analysis of the burden of CL in Brazil, pointing out areas of highest disease burden, where control and surveillance efforts should be undertaken.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0012668","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,20]],"date-time":"2024-11-20T18:23:18Z","timestamp":1732126998000},"page":"e0012668","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Spatial and temporal modeling of the global burden of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in Brazil: A 21-year ecological study"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Erica Santos dos","family":"Reis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wandklebson Silva","family":"Paz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ros\u00e1lia Elen","family":"Santos Ramos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ca\u00edque Jordan","family":"Nunes Ribeiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laiza Santos","family":"Biano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M\u00e1rcio","family":"Bezerra-Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Camila Indiani","family":"de Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael Wheeler","family":"Lipscomb","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7442-4434","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Tatiana Rodrigues","family":"de Moura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"pntd.0012668.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104721","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2020.104721","article-title":"Cutaneous leishmaniasis in Iran: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"152","author":"S Sabzevari","year":"2021","journal-title":"Microb Pathog"},{"key":"pntd.0012668.ref002","unstructured":"Minist\u00e9rio da Sa\u00fade (BR). Secretaria de Vigil\u00e2ncia em Sa\u00fade. Manual de Vigil\u00e2ncia da Leishmaniose Tegumentar. In: https:\/\/bvsms.saude.gov.br\/bvs\/publicacoes\/manual_vigilancia_leishmaniose_tegumentar.pdf. 26 Oct 2023."},{"key":"pntd.0012668.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0005739","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0005739","article-title":"A new perspective on cutaneous leishmaniasis\u2014Implications for global prevalence and burden of disease estimates.","volume":"11","author":"F Bailey","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"pntd.0012668.ref004","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Leishmaniasis","author":"WHO","year":"2024"},{"key":"pntd.0012668.ref005","unstructured":"OPAS Organiza\u00e7\u00e3o Pan-Americana da Sa\u00fade. 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