{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T20:36:14Z","timestamp":1790800574265,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,8]],"date-time":"2025-01-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1736294400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosntds.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS Negl Trop Dis"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"sec001\">\n<jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Chronic pulmonary aspergillosis (CPA) is a disease commonly caused by <jats:italic>Aspergillus fumigatus<\/jats:italic> and other <jats:italic>Aspergillus<\/jats:italic> species\u00a0characterized\u00a0by cavitary lung lesions. Tea garden population is an agrarian population of Assam, mostly associated with tea plantations. Assam is a major tea-producing state with 803 tea gardens producing approximately 50% of the total tea in India, of which 177 are present in the Dibrugarh district alone. Tuberculosis is common in tea garden workers. This community-based cross-sectional study in the tea garden community of Dibrugarh was done to find the prevalence of <jats:italic>Aspergillus<\/jats:italic> IgG antibodies and CPA cases in individuals with chronic respiratory symptoms.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec002\">\n<jats:title>Methodology and principal findings<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Patients visiting 3 tea garden hospitals and 2 referral hospitals with chronic cough and\/or haemoptysis, weight loss\/fatigue, and other respiratory symptoms for a duration of 3 months or more were included in this one-year study. Serum samples were tested by Immunocap Phadia 200 for <jats:italic>Aspergillus fumigatus<\/jats:italic>-specific IgG antibodies. CPA cases were diagnosed based on clinical, radiological, and serological criteria. Out of 128 samples, seropositivity was seen in 41 (32.0%) patients (cutoff value: 27\u2009mgA\/l). Male preponderance (1.6:1) with a mean age of 41.9 (\u00b115.69) was observed. Haemoptysis and fatigue were significant symptoms seen (p-values: 0.0086 and 0.0098, respectively). <jats:italic>Aspergillus fumigatus<\/jats:italic>-specific IgG antibody was found to be significantly high in 29 out of 76 patients (38.1%) with a history of tuberculosis. Amongst them, seropositivity with active TB was 5 out of 27 patients (18.5%), and seropositivity with post-TB was 24 out of 49 patients (48.9%). Chronic cavitary pulmonary aspergillosis was the predominant type (38.1%). Proven CPA (clinically, radiologically, and serologically positive) were 22 (17.1%, 95% CI 10.7%\u201326.0%), and possible CPA (clinically and serologically positive but without radiological data) were 19 (14.8%, 95% CI 8.9%\u201323.1%).<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec003\">\n<jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>A high prevalence of CPA (60 per 100 000) was detected. High <jats:italic>Aspergillus<\/jats:italic> seropositivity of 48.9% was seen in the post-TB population. <jats:italic>Aspergillus<\/jats:italic>-specific IgG antibody testing is the only confirmatory method for diagnosing CPA, which is available in limited centres in India. <jats:italic>Aspergillus<\/jats:italic> seropositivity should be detected in post-TB patients presenting with chronic respiratory symptoms.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0012756","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,8]],"date-time":"2025-01-08T19:34:07Z","timestamp":1736364847000},"page":"e0012756","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Chronic pulmonary aspergillosis in tea population of Assam"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Aishwarya","family":"Selvasekhar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-5943-2084","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Reema","family":"Nath","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gourangie","family":"Gogoi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pronami","family":"Borah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,8]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"pntd.0012756.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e13711","DOI":"10.1111\/myc.13711","article-title":"Incidence and prevalence of chronic pulmonary aspergillosis in patients with post-tuberculosis lung abnormality: results from a community survey in North India","volume":"67","author":"IS Sehgal","year":"2024","journal-title":"Mycoses"},{"issue":"8","key":"pntd.0012756.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2408.171312","article-title":"Case definition of chronic pulmonary aspergillosis in resource-constrained settings","volume":"24","author":"DW Denning","year":"2018","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"issue":"12","key":"pntd.0012756.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0294634","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0294634","article-title":"Prevalence of chronic pulmonary aspergillosis along the continuum of pulmonary tuberculosis care: a protocol for a living systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"18","author":"F Bongomin","year":"2023","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"pntd.0012756.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijregi.2022.11.005","article-title":"New estimation of the prevalence of chronic pulmonary aspergillosis (CPA) related to pulmonary TB - a revised burden for India","volume":"6","author":"DW Denning","year":"2023","journal-title":"IJID Reg"},{"issue":"4","key":"pntd.0012756.ref005","first-page":"673","article-title":"Chronic pulmonary aspergillosis: a brief review","volume":"94","author":"A Zarif","year":"2021","journal-title":"Yale J Biol Med"},{"issue":"12","key":"pntd.0012756.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"864","DOI":"10.2471\/BLT.11.089441","article-title":"Global burden of chronic pulmonary aspergillosis as a sequel to pulmonary tuberculosis","volume":"89","author":"DW Denning","year":"2011","journal-title":"Bull World Health Organ"},{"key":"pntd.0012756.ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijregi.2022.11.005","article-title":"New estimation of the prevalence of chronic pulmonary aspergillosis (CPA) related to pulmonary TB \u2013 a revised burden for India","volume":"6","author":"DW Denning","year":"2022","journal-title":"IJID Reg"},{"issue":"2","key":"pntd.0012756.ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2003345","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.03345-2020","article-title":"Chronic pulmonary aspergillosis: prevalence, favouring pulmonary diseases and prognosis","volume":"58","author":"T Maitre","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"pntd.0012756.ref009","unstructured":"Aspergillus coinfection among patients with pulmonary tuberculosis in Asia and Africa countries; a systematic review and meta-analysis of cross-sectional studies - PubMed [Internet]. 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