{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,21]],"date-time":"2026-08-21T12:10:36Z","timestamp":1787314236877,"version":"build-2736575974"},"update-to":[{"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0012758","type":"new_version","label":"New version","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,16]],"date-time":"2025-01-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1736985600000}}],"reference-count":67,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,6]],"date-time":"2025-01-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1736121600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004156","name":"Mahidol University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004156","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["U01AI115520"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U01AI115520"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["U01AI115520"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U01AI115520"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000774","name":"Defense Threat Reduction Agency","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["HDTRA1-18-C-0062"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HDTRA1-18-C-0062"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000774","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000774","name":"Defense Threat Reduction Agency","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["HDTRA1-18-C-0062"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HDTRA1-18-C-0062"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000774","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010269","name":"Wellcome Trust","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["220211"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["220211"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010269","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosntds.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS Negl Trop Dis"],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Hemolysin co-regulated protein 1 (Hcp1) is a component of the cluster 1 Type VI secretion system (T6SS1) that plays a key role during the intracellular lifecycle of\n                    <jats:italic>Burkholderia pseudomallei<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Hcp1 is recognized as a promising target antigen for developing melioidosis diagnostics and vaccines. While the gene encoding Hcp1 is retained across\n                    <jats:italic>B<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                    <jats:italic>pseudomallei<\/jats:italic>\n                    strains, variants of\n                    <jats:italic>hcp1<\/jats:italic>\n                    have recently been identified. This study aimed to examine the prevalence of\n                    <jats:italic>hcp1<\/jats:italic>\n                    variants in clinical isolates of\n                    <jats:italic>B<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                    <jats:italic>pseudomallei<\/jats:italic>\n                    , assess the antigenicity of the Hcp1 variants, and the ability of strains expressing these variants to stimulate multinucleated giant cell (MNGC) formation in comparison to strains expressing wild-type Hcp1 (Hcp1\n                    <jats:sup>wt<\/jats:sup>\n                    ). Sequence analysis of 1,283 primary clinical isolates of\n                    <jats:italic>B<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                    <jats:italic>pseudomallei<\/jats:italic>\n                    demonstrated the presence of 8\n                    <jats:italic>hcp1<\/jats:italic>\n                    alleles encoding three types of Hcp1 proteins, including Hcp1\n                    <jats:sup>wt<\/jats:sup>\n                    (98.05%), Hcp1\n                    <jats:sup>variant A<\/jats:sup>\n                    (1.87%) and Hcp1\n                    <jats:sup>variant B<\/jats:sup>\n                    (0.08%). Compared to strains expressing Hcp1\n                    <jats:sup>wt<\/jats:sup>\n                    , those expressing the dominant variant, Hcp1\n                    <jats:sup>variant A<\/jats:sup>\n                    , stimulated lower levels of Hcp1\n                    <jats:sup>variant A<\/jats:sup>\n                    -specific antibody responses in melioidosis patients. Interestingly, when Hcp1\n                    <jats:sup>variant A<\/jats:sup>\n                    was expressed in\n                    <jats:italic>B<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                    <jats:italic>pseudomallei<\/jats:italic>\n                    K96243, this strain retained the ability to stimulate MNGC formation in A549 cells. In contrast, however, similar experiments with the Hcp1\n                    <jats:sup>variant B<\/jats:sup>\n                    demonstrated a decreased ability of\n                    <jats:italic>B<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                    <jats:italic>pseudomallei<\/jats:italic>\n                    to stimulate MNGC formation. Collectively, these results show that\n                    <jats:italic>B<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                    <jats:italic>pseudomallei<\/jats:italic>\n                    strains expressing variants of Hcp1 elicit variable antibody responses in melioidosis patients and differ in their ability to promote MNGC formation in cell culture.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0012758","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,6]],"date-time":"2025-01-06T13:41:12Z","timestamp":1736170872000},"page":"e0012758","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Genetic variation of hemolysin co-regulated protein 1 affects the immunogenicity and pathogenicity of Burkholderia pseudomallei"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Sarunporn","family":"Tandhavanant","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thatcha","family":"Yimthin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sineenart","family":"Sengyee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ratana","family":"Charoenwattanasatien","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrey A.","family":"Lebedev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eric R.","family":"Lafontaine","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert J.","family":"Hogan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claire","family":"Chewapreecha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"T. Eoin","family":"West","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul J.","family":"Brett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mary N.","family":"Burtnick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3906-7379","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Narisara","family":"Chantratita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,6]]},"reference":[{"issue":"6","key":"pntd.0012758.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.1097\/QCO.0000000000000869","article-title":"Melioidosis and Burkholderia pseudomallei: progress in epidemiology, diagnosis, treatment and vaccination.","volume":"35","author":"BJ Currie","year":"2022","journal-title":"Curr Opin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"7421","key":"pntd.0012758.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"456","DOI":"10.1038\/490456a","article-title":"Viral research faces clampdown","volume":"490","author":"D. 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