{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T06:36:02Z","timestamp":1788849362083,"version":"build-2803163510"},"update-to":[{"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0012790","type":"new_version","label":"New version","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,15]],"date-time":"2025-01-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1736899200000}}],"reference-count":88,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,6]],"date-time":"2025-01-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1736121600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Ambassade de France au Mali"},{"name":"Science For Africa (SFA) Foundation though Grand Challenge Africa","award":["GCA\/DD2\/Round10\/030\/004"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GCA\/DD2\/Round10\/030\/004"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010665","name":"H2020 Marie Sk\u0142odowska-Curie Actions","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["891456"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["891456"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010665","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Institut de Recherche pour le Developpement"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosntds.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS Negl Trop Dis"],"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:italic>Plasmodium malariae<\/jats:italic> is the third most prevalent human malaria parasite species and contributes significantly to morbidity. Nevertheless, our comprehension of this parasite\u2019s biology remains limited, primarily due to its frequent co-infections with other species and the lack of a continuous <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> culture system. To effectively combat and eliminate this overlooked parasite, it is imperative to acquire a better understanding of this species. In this study, we embarked on an investigation of <jats:italic>P. malariae<\/jats:italic>, including exploring its clinical disease characteristics, molecular aspects of red blood cell (RBC) invasion, and host-cell preferences. We conducted our research using parasites collected from infected individuals in Mali. Our findings revealed anaemia in most of <jats:italic>P. malariae<\/jats:italic> infected participants presented, in both symptomatic and asymptomatic cases. Regarding RBC invasion, quantified by an adapted flow cytometry based method, our study indicated that none of the seven antibodies tested, against receptors known for their role in <jats:italic>P. falciparum<\/jats:italic> invasion, had any impact on the ability of <jats:italic>P. malariae<\/jats:italic> to penetrate the host cells. However, when RBCs were pre-treated with various enzymes (neuraminidase, trypsin, and chymotrypsin), we observed a significant reduction in <jats:italic>P. malariae<\/jats:italic> invasion, albeit not a complete blockade. Furthermore, in a subset of <jats:italic>P. malariae<\/jats:italic> samples, we observed the parasite\u2019s capability to invade reticulocytes. These results suggest that <jats:italic>P. malariae<\/jats:italic> employs alternative pathways to enter RBCs of different maturities, which may differ from those used by <jats:italic>P. falciparum<\/jats:italic>.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0012790","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,6]],"date-time":"2025-01-06T18:43:28Z","timestamp":1736189008000},"page":"e0012790","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Malian field isolates provide insight into Plasmodium malariae intra-erythrocytic development and 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