{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T14:22:54Z","timestamp":1791901374111,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,18]],"date-time":"2025-03-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1742256000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010665","name":"H2020 Marie Sk\u0142odowska-Curie Actions","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["778298"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["778298"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010665","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosntds.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS Negl Trop Dis"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is the most prevalent type of leishmaniasis disease and causes skin lesions, mainly ulcers, on exposed parts of the body. The Americas, Mediterranean basin, Middle East, and Central Asia account for approximately 95% of all CL cases. <jats:italic>Leishmania<\/jats:italic> (<jats:italic>L.<\/jats:italic>) <jats:italic>major<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>L. tropica<\/jats:italic> are the most significant species causing CL. A better understanding of the molecular mechanisms of CL caused by <jats:italic>Leishmania<\/jats:italic> parasite species in patients\u2019 skin lesions may help inform intervention approaches. Using dual-color reverse transcriptase multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (dcRT-MLPA), we evaluated the expression of 144 host immune-related genes in lesions from CL patients infected with two <jats:italic>Leishmania<\/jats:italic> species, <jats:italic>L. major<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>L. tropica<\/jats:italic>, in Morocco and Iran, respectively. Distinct gene expression patterns were identified in the lesions of patients infected with <jats:italic>L. major<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>L. tropica<\/jats:italic>. The results revealed that <jats:italic>L. tropica<\/jats:italic>-infected patients had rather more significant gene expression than <jats:italic>L. major<\/jats:italic>-infected patients relative to healthy volunteers. However, CD14 and IFI6 (interferon alpha inducible protein 6), were two common genes expressed in the lesions of patients infected with <jats:italic>L. major<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>L. tropica<\/jats:italic>. Our analysis revealed that gene expression changes related to the IFN signaling pathway were significant in both lesion groups. This research advances our understanding of the host immune response to zoonotic and anthroponotic leishmaniasis and shows immune transcript signatures in the skin lesions of CL patients infected with <jats:italic>L. major<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>L. tropica<\/jats:italic>. These findings can inform further investigation into the processes underpinning immunity and immunopathology of CL caused by <jats:italic>L. major<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>L. tropica<\/jats:italic>.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0012812","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,18]],"date-time":"2025-03-18T17:26:58Z","timestamp":1742318818000},"page":"e0012812","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Comparative gene expression pattern of immune-related genes using dual-color RT-MLPA in the lesions of cutaneous leishmaniasis caused by L. major and L. tropica"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Nasrin","family":"Masoudzadeh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mouad","family":"Ait Kbaich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Suzanne","family":"van Veen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bj\u00f6rn","family":"Andersson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marielle","family":"C. 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