{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,13]],"date-time":"2026-07-13T10:46:45Z","timestamp":1783939605248,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":80,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,14]],"date-time":"2025-02-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1739491200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000853","name":"University of Glasgow","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["Lord Kelvin\/Adam Smith (LKAS) PhD Scholarship"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Lord Kelvin\/Adam Smith (LKAS) PhD Scholarship"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000853","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000268","name":"Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["BB\/L018926"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BB\/L018926"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000268","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000268","name":"Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["BB\/L018926"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BB\/L018926"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000268","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000268","name":"Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["BB\/S013857"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BB\/S013857"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000268","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000268","name":"Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["BB\/S013857"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BB\/S013857"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000268","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosntds.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS Negl Trop Dis"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Livestock brucellosis is an endemic disease in many low-resource settings. Despite its widespread distribution, little is known about the scale of economic impacts caused by the disease. This study aimed to develop an integrated epidemiological-economic modelling framework to estimate production losses attributable to livestock brucellosis, using Tanzania as a case study. Data on livestock production and prevalence of exposure to <jats:italic>Brucella<\/jats:italic> spp. were obtained from surveys conducted in northern and central Tanzania between 2013 and 2019. A clustering algorithm was applied to classify households into pastoral and non-pastoral production systems. A Bayesian latent-class analysis model was applied to derive livestock brucellosis prevalence estimates. A herd-growth model was used to estimate production losses attributable to brucellosis. A total of 1,541 households (384 classified as pastoral and 1,157 as non-pastoral) contributed data on livestock production or prevalence of exposure to <jats:italic>Brucella<\/jats:italic> spp. The median (95% uncertainty interval, UI) individual-level brucellosis prevalence in cattle, sheep, and goats was 5.1% (3.4\u20136.9), 1.3% (0.1\u20133.0), and 2.5% (0.3\u20134.8) in the pastoral system, and 0.7% (0.1\u20131.6), 1.6% (0.2\u20133.8), and 2.5% (0.3\u20134.9) in the non-pastoral system, respectively. The median (95% UI) annual losses attributable to brucellosis in cattle, sheep, and goats, per infected animal, were 74.4 (26.2\u2013211.7), 9.7 (3.4\u201323.1) and 10.6 (3.7\u201325.0) international dollars (int. $) in the pastoral system, and 62.3 (16.8\u2013228.6), 6.3 (1.8\u201317.1) and 7.0 (2.2\u201317.9) int. $ in the non-pastoral system, respectively. Household-level losses were equivalent to 4.4% (2.1\u20138.8) and 0.6% (0.2\u20131.6) of the median (95% UI) livestock-derived income in the pastoral and non-pastoral systems, respectively. This study did not capture the system-wide impacts of brucellosis, including on human health. The estimated losses are only a part of the full societal economic impact of the disease. These results can be used to inform cost-benefit analyses of potential interventions and guide policy development for brucellosis control.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0012814","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,14]],"date-time":"2025-02-14T18:37:21Z","timestamp":1739558241000},"page":"e0012814","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Livestock production losses attributable to brucellosis in northern and central Tanzania: Application of an epidemiological-economic modelling framework"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1996-7134","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"\u00c2ngelo J. 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