{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,14]],"date-time":"2026-09-14T23:12:07Z","timestamp":1789427527702,"version":"build-2803163510"},"update-to":[{"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0012825","type":"new_version","label":"New version","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,24]],"date-time":"2025-01-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1737676800000}}],"reference-count":71,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,22]],"date-time":"2025-01-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1737504000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82272367"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82272367"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosntds.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS Negl Trop Dis"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"sec030\">\n<jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>C-type lectin (CTL) plays an important act in parasite adhesion, host\u2019s cell invasion and immune escape. Our previous studies showed that recombinant <jats:italic>Trichinella spiralis<\/jats:italic> C-type lectin (rTsCTL) mediated larval invasion of enteral mucosal epithelium. The aim of this study was to investigate protective immunity produced by vaccination with rTsCTL and its effect on gut epithelial barrier function in a mouse model.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec031\">\n<jats:title>Methodology\/principal finding<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The ELISA results showed that subcutaneous vaccination of mice with rTsCTL elicited a systemic humoral response (high levels of serum IgG, IgG1\/IgG2a and IgA) and significant gut mucosal sIgA responses. The levels of Th1\/Th2 cytokines (IFN-\u03b3\/IL-4) secreted from spleen, mesenteric lymph nodes and Peyer\u2019s patches were distinctly increased at 6 weeks following vaccination (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.05). At one week after challenge, the numbers of goblet cells and expression level of Muc2, Muc5ac and pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-\u03b1 and IL-1\u03b2) in gut tissues of vaccinated mice were obviously decreased, while expression of anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-4 and IL-10) was evidently increased, compared to the infected PBS group. It is interesting that expression levels of gut epithelial tight junctions (TJs; occludin, claudin-1 and E-cad) were prominently elevated and intestinal permeability was interestingly declined in vaccinated mice. The rTsCTL-vaccinated mice exhibited a 51.69 and 48.19% reduction of intestinal adult and muscle larva burdens, respectively. The female fecundity in rTsCTL vaccinated mice was reduced by 40.51%. These findings indicated that rTsCTL vaccination impeded larval invasion and improved gut epithelial integrity and barrier function, reduced worm burdens, and relieved gut and muscle inflammation.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec032\">\n<jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Vaccination of mice with rTsCTL elicited an obvious protective immunity against larval challenge, impeded larval invasion of gut mucosa, enhanced gut epithelial integrity and barrier function, reduced worm burdens; it also alleviated gut and muscle inflammation. TsCTL might be a novel candidate target molecule for anti-<jats:italic>Trichinella<\/jats:italic> vaccines.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0012825","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,22]],"date-time":"2025-01-22T18:43:07Z","timestamp":1737571387000},"page":"e0012825","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Vaccination of mice with Trichinella spiralis C-type lectin elicited the protective immunity and enhanced gut epithelial barrier function"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Bo Ning","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xin Zhuo","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jin Yi","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhao Yu","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pei Kun","family":"Cong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wen Wen","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shao Rong","family":"Long","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruo Dan","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8726-5498","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jing","family":"Cui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhong Quan","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"pntd.0012825.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fm.2016.12.012","article-title":"Meat sources of infection for outbreaks of human trichinellosis","volume":"64","author":"A Rostami","year":"2017","journal-title":"Food Microbiol"},{"key":"pntd.0012825.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e8442","DOI":"10.2903\/j.efsa.2023.8442","article-title":"European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) The European Union One Health 2022 Zoonoses report","volume":"21","author":"European Food Safety Authority (EFSA)","year":"2023","journal-title":"EFSA J"},{"key":"pntd.0012825.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106388","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2022.106388","article-title":"Epidemiology of trichinellosis in the 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