{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,29]],"date-time":"2026-06-29T18:21:45Z","timestamp":1782757305402,"version":"3.54.5"},"update-to":[{"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0012830","type":"new_version","label":"New version","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,6]],"date-time":"2025-02-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1738800000000}}],"reference-count":88,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,31]],"date-time":"2025-01-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1738281600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005278","name":"Universidad de Antioquia","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["CODI sustainability strategy of the CIBAV research group 2023-2025"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CODI sustainability strategy of the CIBAV research group 2023-2025"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005278","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100017164","name":"Corporaci\u00f3n Colombiana de Investigaci\u00f3n Agropecuaria, AGROSAVIA","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2Global Health Research Unit for the Genomic Surveillance of Antimicrobial Resistance-Colombia"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2Global Health Research Unit for the Genomic Surveillance of Antimicrobial Resistance-Colombia"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100017164","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007699","name":"University of Georgia","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007699","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosntds.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS Negl Trop Dis"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"sec025\">\n<jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Occurrence of antimicrobial-resistant <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic> strains has been reported worldwide, because of inappropriate use of antimicrobial products in either humans or animals. The presence of multidrug resistant <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic> in pig production systems had been reported in Antioquia, Colombia.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec026\">\n<jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>To identify antimicrobial resistance genes (ARG) in different <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic> spp. strains isolated from pig productions in Antioquia, Colombia. Methods: Samples were received at the Diagnostic Unit of the Faculty of Agrarian Sciences at the University of Antioquia, from January 1, 2019, to January 2021. A total of 28 isolates of <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic> spp. were included, which presented phenotypic resistance to more than one antibiotic used in pig farms. Whole genome sequencing (WGS) was performed in the Unit of Genomic of Agrosavia using an automated pipeline from the GHRU- Sanger Institute, employing the Illumina MiSeq platform.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec027\">\n<jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>WGS revealed 34 ARGs among these isolates. In 25 isolates (89%) more than two ARGs were found. Genes encoding resistance were found for 10 different groups of antibiotics (beta-lactam, aminoglycosides, chloramphenicol, rifampicins, lincosamides, fluoroquinolones, tetracyclines, sulfonamides and trimethoprim). The most frequently observed MDR profile in Typhimurium isolates was AMP-CEX-CEP-CEF-EFT-CEQ-FLU-ENR-TE-FFC-SXT.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec028\">\n<jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The presence of multi-drug resistant <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic> strains in pigs destined for human consumption in Antioquia, Colombia was determined. This research emphasizes the utmost importance of epidemiological tools to understand the presence and spreading of antimicrobial resistance genes in pig farms. Additionally, it highlights the critical need for developing educational programs and public policies to help reduce the spread of antimicrobial resistance in production systems.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0012830","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,31]],"date-time":"2025-01-31T18:49:18Z","timestamp":1738349358000},"page":"e0012830","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Genomic characterization of antimicrobial-resistance and virulence factors in Salmonella isolates obtained from pig farms in Antioquia, Colombia"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Mar\u00eda Isabel","family":"Garc\u00eda-\u00c1lvarez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juana L.","family":"Vidal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pilar","family":"Donado-Godoy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jared","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nikki","family":"Shariat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mar\u00eda Fernanda","family":"Valencia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luis M.","family":"G\u00f3mez-Osorio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sara","family":"L\u00f3pez-Osorio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2750-0721","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jenny J.","family":"Chaparro-Guti\u00e9rrez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,31]]},"reference":[{"issue":"9","key":"pntd.0012830.ref001","first-page":"481","article-title":"A review of salmonellosis on poultry farms: Public health importance","volume":"11","author":"FM Wibisono","year":"2020","journal-title":"Syst Rev Pharm"},{"key":"pntd.0012830.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"520179","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/520179","article-title":"Salmonella enterica: survival, colonization, and virulence differences among serovars","author":"A Andino","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sci World J"},{"key":"pntd.0012830.ref003","article-title":"Consumo per c\u00e1pita de carne de cerdo en Colombia","year":"2022","journal-title":"Porkcolombia"},{"issue":"14","key":"pntd.0012830.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e00591\u201319","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.00591-19","article-title":"Worldwide Epidemiology of Salmonella Serovars in Animal-Based Foods: a Meta-analysis","volume":"85","author":"RG Ferrari","year":"2019","journal-title":"Appl Environ Microbiol"},{"key":"pntd.0012830.ref005","unstructured":"Instituto Colombiano Agropecuario. 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