{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,28]],"date-time":"2026-02-28T22:54:35Z","timestamp":1772319275096,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,12]],"date-time":"2025-02-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1739318400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Government of Angola"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000278","name":"Department for International Development, UK Government","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000278","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Swiss Government"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002347","name":"Bundesministerium f\u00fcr Bildung und Forschung","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002347","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Republic and Canton of Geneva"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000865","name":"Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ID INV-046509"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ID INV-046509"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000865","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosntds.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS Negl Trop Dis"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"sec001\">\n<jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The chronic form of human African trypanosomiasis (HAT) caused by <jats:italic>Trypanosoma brucei gambiense<\/jats:italic> and commonly referred to as <jats:italic>gambiense<\/jats:italic>-HAT (gHAT) is endemic in 7 of Angola\u2019s 18 provinces. Major epidemics of the disease occurred in the country in the 1920s to 1940s and 1990s \u2013mid 2000s, and current estimates are that up to a third of the country\u2019s population is at risk of infection. Whereas gHAT was first reported in Angola in 1871, control efforts did not begin until 30 years later in 1901. This case study describes the history of gHAT in Angola, outlines the policies and strategies used in its control, and the intensification efforts being made to accelerate progress towards elimination. Furthermore, it highlights factors that have contributed to recurrent outbreaks of gHAT in the country and key achievements in the push towards elimination.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec002\">\n<jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Literature review was conducted using online databases such as PubMed, Google Scholar, Google, WHO HAT data repository, and the African Union Inter African Bureau for Animal Resources (AU-IBAR), International Scientific Council for Trypanosomiasis Research and Control (ISCTRC) conference proceedings. Data\/information not found in these databases was availed through personal communication with colleagues from <jats:italic>Instituto de Combate e Controlo das Tripanossomiases<\/jats:italic> (ICCT). The search of databases was conducted using the following terms: \u201chuman African trypanosomiasis (HAT) control\/elimination in Angola,\u201d \u201csleeping sickness\/HAT control in Angola,\u201d \u201cHAT epidemics in Angola.\u201d<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec003\">\n<jats:title>Results and conclusion<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Overall, the interventions put in place over the years have led to significant reduction in the number of new HAT cases reported annually, from an average of 3,496 (between 1990 and 2006) to an average of 56 cases between 2016 and 2023. This has renewed the hope of achieving elimination of gHAT as a public health problem by 2030.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0012847","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,12]],"date-time":"2025-02-12T18:29:12Z","timestamp":1739384952000},"page":"e0012847","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Bold strides towards the elimination of gambiense human African trypanosomiasis (gHAT) as a public health problem\u2014A case study of Angola"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2050-7602","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Johnson O.","family":"Ouma","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Simon","family":"Kayembe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paul R.","family":"Bessell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Don Paul","family":"Makana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Amadeu D. 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