{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,31]],"date-time":"2025-12-31T11:55:42Z","timestamp":1767182142198,"version":"build-2238731810"},"update-to":[{"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0012875","type":"new_version","label":"New version","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,27]],"date-time":"2025-02-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1740614400000}}],"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,19]],"date-time":"2025-02-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1739923200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosntds.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS Negl Trop Dis"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"sec016\">\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Azraq Syrian refugee camp, located in Jordan, is where the challenges of managing the COVID-19 epidemic meet the vulnerabilities of displaced people. This study aimed to investigate the epidemiological characteristics, incidence, risk factors, and outcomes of COVID-19 among Azraq camp residents.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec017\">\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>COVID-19 data from Azraq camp were collected by International Medical Corps clinics and analyzed retrospectively from August 1, 2020, to August 31, 2022. Data included demographics, risk factors, testing history, contact tracing, and vaccination profiles. We estimated COVID-19 incidence and analyzed risk factors using Poisson and multilevel logistic regression.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec018\">\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 2,468 confirmed COVID-19 cases were identified, with a prevalence of 5.6 per 100 residents. The camp\u2019s monthly incidence rate was more than 50% lower than the national rate, with a 1.7% monthly decrease. Females had a higher incidence than males (6.4% vs. 4.9%, p &lt; 0.001), while the elderly bore the greatest disease burden. Home-based isolation was the main strategy, except during the second wave. Vaccination coverage reached 31.6%, primarily with Pfizer (49.8%). Symptomatic cases made up 44.0% of confirmed cases, with 10.4% requiring hospitalization. Factors independently associated with hospitalization included age, comorbidity, and vaccination status.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec019\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The study highlights the need for robust surveillance, targeted healthcare interventions, equitable resource allocation, and vaccination campaigns to manage COVID-19 and future epidemics in refugee camps.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0012875","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,19]],"date-time":"2025-02-19T13:35:20Z","timestamp":1739972120000},"page":"e0012875","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Temporal trends in the incidence and case severity of COVID-19 cases among the Syrian refugees in Azraq camp in Jordan: A retrospective observational study"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Ahmad Waleed","family":"Zghool","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2458-8200","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ahmad","family":"Alrawashdeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zaid I.","family":"Alkhatib","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sara A.","family":"Nasser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Natalya","family":"Kostandova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shiromi M.","family":"Perera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jomana W.","family":"Alsulaiman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Adi H.","family":"Khassawneh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Abdel-Hameed W.","family":"Al-Mistarehi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Amer","family":"Abu-Shanab","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Khalid A.","family":"Kheirallah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"pntd.0012875.ref001","unstructured":"(WHO) WHO. https:\/\/www.who.int\/europe\/emergencies\/situations\/covid-19"},{"issue":"3","key":"pntd.0012875.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1002\/wmh3.362","article-title":"Coronavirus, refugees, and government policy: the state of U.S. refugee resettlement during the coronavirus pandemic","volume":"12","author":"A Grant","year":"2020","journal-title":"World Med Health Policy"},{"key":"pntd.0012875.ref003","unstructured":"UNHCR. Zaatari Camp Fact Sheet. 2024."},{"key":"pntd.0012875.ref004","author":"IM Corps","year":"2024"},{"key":"pntd.0012875.ref005","unstructured":"Corps IM. Coronavirus response: Middle East. https:\/\/internationalmedicalcorps.org\/emergency-response\/covid-19\/coronavirus-response-middle-east\/ [cited 20 June 2024]."},{"key":"pntd.0012875.ref006","article-title":"COVID-19 Preparedness and response report (Azraq Camp)","author":"UNHCR","year":"2021","journal-title":"Azraq Camp Fact Sheet"},{"issue":"3","key":"pntd.0012875.ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e19332","DOI":"10.2196\/19332","article-title":"COVID-19 Crisis in Jordan: response, scenarios, strategies, and recommendations","volume":"6","author":"R Alqutob","year":"2020","journal-title":"JMIR Public Health Surveill"},{"issue":"5","key":"pntd.0012875.ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1003993","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1003993","article-title":"COVID-19 epidemiology and changes in health service utilization in Azraq and Zaatari refugee camps in Jordan: a retrospective cohort study","volume":"19","author":"C Altare","year":"2022","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"key":"pntd.0012875.ref009","unstructured":"UNHCR. 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