{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,18]],"date-time":"2026-10-18T03:56:14Z","timestamp":1792295774846,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,26]],"date-time":"2025-02-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1740528000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["KN1097\/3\u20131"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KN1097\/3\u20131"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["KN1097\/3\u20132"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KN1097\/3\u20132"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RO3055\/2\u20131"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RO3055\/2\u20131"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RO3055\/2\u20132"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RO3055\/2\u20132"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"National Institute of Virology and Bacteriology","award":["LX22NPO5103"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LX22NPO5103"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosntds.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS Negl Trop Dis"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"sec040\">\n<jats:title>\nBackground\n<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p><jats:italic>Treponema pallidum<\/jats:italic> subspecies <jats:italic>pertenue<\/jats:italic> (<jats:italic>TPE<\/jats:italic>) is the causative agent of human and nonhuman primate (NHP) yaws infection. The discovery of yaws bacterium in wild populations of NHPs opened the question of transmission mechanisms within NHPs, and this work aims to take a closer look at the transmission of the disease.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec041\">\n<jats:title>\nMethodology\/Principal Findings\n<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Our study\u00a0determined eleven whole <jats:italic>TPE<\/jats:italic> genomes from NHP isolates collected from three national parks in Tanzania: Lake Manyara National Park (NP), Serengeti NP, and Ruaha NP. The bacteria were isolated from four species of NHPs: <jats:italic>Chlorocebus pygerythrus<\/jats:italic> (vervet monkey), <jats:italic>Cercopithecus mitis<\/jats:italic> (blue monkey), <jats:italic>Papio anubis<\/jats:italic> (olive baboon), and <jats:italic>Papio cynocephalus<\/jats:italic> (yellow baboon). Combined with previously generated genomes of <jats:italic>TPE<\/jats:italic> originating from NHPs in Tanzania (n = 11), 22 whole-genome TPE sequences have now been analyzed. Out of 231 possible combinations of genome-to-genome comparisons, five revealed an unexpectedly high degree of genetic similarity in samples collected from different NHP species, consistent with inter-species transmission of <jats:italic>TPE<\/jats:italic> among NHPs. We estimated a substitution rate of <jats:italic>TPE<\/jats:italic> of NHP origin, ranging between 1.77 \u00d7 10<jats:sup>-7<\/jats:sup> and 3.43 \u00d7 10<jats:sup>-7<\/jats:sup> per genomic site per year.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec042\">\n<jats:title>\nConclusions\/Significance\n<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The model estimations predicted that the inter-species transmission happened recently, within decades, roughly in an order of magnitude shorter time compared to time needed for the natural diversification of all tested <jats:italic>TPE<\/jats:italic> of Tanzanian NHP origin. Moreover, the geographical separation of the sampling sites (NPs) does not preclude <jats:italic>TPE<\/jats:italic> transmission between and within NHP species.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0012887","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,26]],"date-time":"2025-02-26T18:33:20Z","timestamp":1740594800000},"page":"e0012887","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Whole-genome sequencing reveals evidence for inter-species transmission of the yaws bacterium among nonhuman primates in Tanzania"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2755-927X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Kl\u00e1ra","family":"Jane\u010dkov\u00e1","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christian","family":"Roos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Petr","family":"Andrla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pavla","family":"Fedrov\u00e1","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nikola","family":"Tom","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simone","family":"Lueert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julius D.","family":"Keyyu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Idrissa S.","family":"Chuma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4176-3464","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"David","family":"\u0160majs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5744-4946","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Sascha","family":"Knauf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,26]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"pntd.0012887.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.1177\/0300985811402839","article-title":"Treponema infection associated with genital ulceration in wild baboons","volume":"49","author":"S 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