{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,26]],"date-time":"2025-03-26T04:24:17Z","timestamp":1742963057339,"version":"3.40.3"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,25]],"date-time":"2025-03-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1742860800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosntds.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS Negl Trop Dis"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"sec001\">\n<jats:title>\nBackground\n<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Helminthes in pregnant women is among the neglected tropical diseases. The Uganda ministry of health adopted the WHO recommendation of routine biannual deworming for girls and women of reproductive age and twice in pregnancy during the second and third trimesters. Despite the measures put in place, the prevalence of Helminthes among pregnant women in Uganda is still high which has implications for both the mother and to the developing fetus.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec002\">\n<jats:title>\nMethods\n<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>This was a hospital-based cross-sectional study carried out from January to April, 2024. Using Consecutive sampling method, 334 pregnant women were enrolled. Data was collected using pre-tested questionnaires, and a single stool specimen was collected from each woman and freshly voided stool specimens was directly examined microscopically. The data was analyzed using STATA Version 14.2. A bivariate and multivariate analysis were used to show the association between the dependent and independent variables, considering P &lt; 0.05 as the level of significance and the 95% confidence interval.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec003\">\n<jats:title>\nResults\n<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The overall prevalence of Helminthes was 27.54%. Among all pregnant women who tested positive, common helminth was Hook worm (83.7%), followed by Ascaris lumbricoides (31.5%), and Trichuris triciuria (21.7%). Age, rural residence, having no toilet facility, no hand washing after toilet use, walking bare footed, no hand washing before meals were significantly associated with Helminthes with (aOR = 0.2; 95% CI = [0.085-0.588]; P = 0.002), (aOR = 9.0; 95% CI = [1.684-48.325]; P =0.010), (aOR = 3.6; 95% CI = [1.788-7.101]; P = 0.001), (aOR = 4.7; 95% CI = [1.359-16.419]; P = 0.015), (aOR = 1.9; 95% CI = [1.014-3.674]; P = 0.045), (aOR = 13.1; 95% CI = [5.146-33..578]; P = 0.001), respectively.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec004\">\n<jats:title>\nConclusion\n<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>In this study, the overall prevalence of Helminthes was low in pregnancy compared to the global prevalence. The common helminthes among pregnant women was Hook worm infestation. The infection was independently associated with respect to Age, rural residence, having no toilet facility, no hand washing after toilet use, walking bare footed, no hand washing before meals.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0012926","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,26]],"date-time":"2025-03-26T00:11:21Z","timestamp":1742947881000},"page":"e0012926","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Prevalence, common helminthes, and factors associated with helminthes among pregnant women attending antenatal clinic at a tertiary hospital in Uganda"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Fowsia Ali","family":"Said","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1482-4532","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Emmanuel","family":"Okurut","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Naima Bashir","family":"Mohamed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Simon","family":"Byonanuwe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Richard","family":"Mulumba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Isaac","family":"Kusolo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,25]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"pntd.0012926.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"644","DOI":"10.1186\/s13104-019-4684-3","article-title":"Prevalence and associated factors of soil transmitted helminthes among pregnant women attending antenatal care in Maytsebri primary hospital, North Ethiopia","volume":"12","author":"MG Gebrehiwet","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMC Res Notes"},{"key":"pntd.0012926.ref002","volume-title":"Helminthes","author":"WHO","year":"2021"},{"issue":"1","key":"pntd.0012926.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-019-4135-8","article-title":"Prevalence of intestinal parasitic infection and its association with anemia among pregnant women in Wondo Genet district, Southern Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study","volume":"19","author":"A Bolka","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"pntd.0012926.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-018-3291-6","article-title":"Prevalence of helminthic infections and determinant factors among pregnant women in Mecha district, Northwest Ethiopia: a cross sectional study","volume":"18","author":"BE Feleke","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"key":"pntd.0012926.ref005","volume-title":"Guideline: preventive chemotherapy to control soil-transmitted helminth infections in at-risk population groups","author":"WHO","year":"2017"},{"issue":"5","key":"pntd.0012926.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1958","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.20-0503","article-title":"Maternal Hookworm Infection and Its Effects on Maternal Health: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","volume":"103","author":"TE Ness","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"pntd.0012926.ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2020.09.007","article-title":"Intestinal parasitic infections in pregnancy - A review","volume":"254","author":"S Mohan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol"},{"issue":"1","key":"pntd.0012926.ref008","first-page":"1","article-title":"Prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections and associated risk factors among pregnant women attending prenatal care in the northwestern Ethiopia","volume":"1","author":"GA Alula","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ethiop J Heal Dev"},{"issue":"1","key":"pntd.0012926.ref009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"530","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-016-1859-6","article-title":"Prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections and associated risk factors among pregnant women attending antenatal care center at Felege Hiwot Referral Hospital, northwest Ethiopia","volume":"16","author":"A Derso","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"pntd.0012926.ref010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1001162","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1001162","article-title":"Effect of sanitation on soil-transmitted helminth infection: systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"9","author":"K Ziegelbauer","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"pntd.0012926.ref011","first-page":"333","article-title":"Acute appendicitis due to schistosomiasis: four cases at the Yalgado Ou\u00e9draogo University Hospital of Ouagadougou","volume":"27","author":"M Bazongo","year":"2017","journal-title":"Med Sante Trop"},{"key":"pntd.0012926.ref012","first-page":"350763","article-title":"Malaria, intestinal helminths and other risk factors for stillbirth in Ghana","author":"NJ Yatich","year":"2010","journal-title":"Infect Dis Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"10","key":"pntd.0012926.ref013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1204","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3156.2010.02598.x","article-title":"Epidemiology of parasitic co-infections during pregnancy in Lambar\u00e9n\u00e9, Gabon","volume":"15","author":"AA Adegnika","year":"2010","journal-title":"Trop Med Int Health"},{"key":"pntd.0012926.ref014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-016-1413-6","article-title":"Prevalence of parasitic infections and associations with pregnancy complications and outcomes in northern Tanzania: a registry-based cross-sectional study","volume":"16","author":"AM Mahande","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"key":"pntd.0012926.ref015","first-page":"823923","article-title":"Intestinal helminth infections in pregnant women attending antenatal clinic at kitale district hospital, Kenya","author":"AW Wekesa","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Parasitol Res"},{"issue":"12","key":"pntd.0012926.ref016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e50325","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0050325","article-title":"Impact of anthelminthic treatment in pregnancy and childhood on immunisations, infections and eczema in childhood: a randomised controlled trial","volume":"7","author":"J Ndibazza","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"1","key":"pntd.0012926.ref017","first-page":"1","article-title":"Hospitals in Uganda","volume":"1","author":"MOH Uganda","year":"2023","journal-title":"Minist Heal Uganda"},{"key":"pntd.0012926.ref018","first-page":"220","article-title":"Parasitological tests. District Laboratory Practice in Tropical Countries, Part, 1,. 2nd ed. 2, editor","volume-title":"Parasitological tests. District Laboratory Practice in Tropical Countries, Part, 1","author":"M Cheesbrough","year":"1991"},{"issue":"2","key":"pntd.0012926.ref019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.2307\/1403507","article-title":"Multipopulation survey designs: five types with seven shared aspects","volume":"62","author":"L Kish","year":"1994","journal-title":"Int Stat Rev"},{"issue":"7","key":"pntd.0012926.ref020","first-page":"1","article-title":"Prevalence of intestinal helminthiases and associated factors among pregnant women attending antenatal clinic of Nigist Eleni Mohammed memorial hospital, Hossana, Southern Ethiopia","volume":"2","author":"D Tesfaye","year":"2015","journal-title":"Open Access Library Journal"},{"issue":"1","key":"pntd.0012926.ref021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"440","DOI":"10.1186\/s13104-017-2770-y","article-title":"Intestinal helminthic infection and anemia among pregnant women attending ante-natal care (ANC) in East Wollega, Oromia, Ethiopia","volume":"10","author":"HM Mengist","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMC Res Notes"},{"key":"pntd.0012926.ref022","first-page":"8855362","article-title":"Prevalence and factors associated with intestinal parasitic infections among pregnant women in west Gojjam Zone, Northwest Ethiopia","author":"T Hailu","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Parasitol Res"},{"key":"pntd.0012926.ref023","first-page":"7492020","article-title":"Intestinal parasitic infections, treatment and associated factors among pregnant women in Sao tome and Principe: a cross-sectional study","author":"A Vasconcelos","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Trop Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"pntd.0012926.ref024","first-page":"120","article-title":"Risk of soil-transmitted helminthiasis among agrarian communities of Kogi State, Nigeria: Evaluated in the context of The Soil-Transmitted Helminthiasis Advisory Committee recommendation 2016","volume":"85","author":"JT Anunobi","year":"2019"},{"issue":"1","key":"pntd.0012926.ref025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1186\/s40748-023-00150-8","article-title":"Burden of intestinal parasitic infections and associated factors among pregnant women in East Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"9","author":"G Mosisa","year":"2023","journal-title":"Matern Health Neonatol Perinatol"},{"issue":"3","key":"pntd.0012926.ref026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0003463","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0003463","article-title":"Impact of helminth infection during pregnancy on cognitive and motor functions of one-year-old children","volume":"9","author":"MO Mireku","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"issue":"3","key":"pntd.0012926.ref027","first-page":"489","article-title":"Prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections among pregnant women in Bobo-Dioulasso (Burkina Faso)","volume":"67","author":"I Sangar\u00e9","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ann Parasitol"},{"key":"pntd.0012926.ref028","first-page":"9315025","article-title":"Prevalence and Determinants of Intestinal Parasitic Infections among Pregnant Women Receiving Antenatal Care in Kasoa Polyclinic, Ghana","author":"A Abaka-Yawson","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Environ Public Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"pntd.0012926.ref029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.37284\/eajhs.5.1.670","article-title":"Assessment of Soil-Transmitted Helminth Infections among Pregnant Women in Western Kenya: A Cross-Sectional Study","volume":"5","author":"S Araka","year":"2022","journal-title":"East Afr j health sci"},{"key":"pntd.0012926.ref030","first-page":"8053939","article-title":"Hookworm Infection among Pregnant Women at First Antenatal Visit in Lira, Uganda: A Cross-Sectional Study","author":"F Apili","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Reprod Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"pntd.0012926.ref031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"735","DOI":"10.1186\/s13104-019-4781-3","article-title":"Prevalence of intestinal parasitic infection and associated factors among pregnant women attending antenatal care at public health facilities in Lalo Kile district, Oromia, Western Ethiopia","volume":"12","author":"DA Yesuf","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMC Res Notes"},{"key":"pntd.0012926.ref032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11786337211055437","DOI":"10.1177\/11786337211055437","article-title":"Prevalence of Soil-Transmitted Helminthes and Associated Risk Factors Among People of Ethiopia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","volume":"15","author":"A Aemiro","year":"2022","journal-title":"Infect Dis (Auckl)"},{"key":"pntd.0012926.ref033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4921","DOI":"10.2147\/IDR.S338326","article-title":"Magnitude of Intestinal Parasite Infection and Associated Factors Among Pregnant Women Attending Antenatal Care Service in Shewarobit Town Health Facilities, North Shoa Zone, Amhara Region, Ethiopia","volume":"14","author":"A Dagnaw","year":"2021","journal-title":"Infect Drug Resist"}],"container-title":["PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.0012926","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,26]],"date-time":"2025-03-26T00:12:26Z","timestamp":1742947946000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.0012926"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Anand Setty","family":"Balakrishnan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"editor","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,25]]},"references-count":33,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,25]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.0012926","relation":{},"ISSN":["1935-2735"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1935-2735","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,25]]}}}