{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,23]],"date-time":"2026-08-23T17:14:56Z","timestamp":1787505296978,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":76,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,2]],"date-time":"2025-05-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1746144000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010661","name":"Horizon 2020 Framework Programme","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["871029"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["871029"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010661","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100031478","name":"Next Generation EU","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["LX22NPO5103"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LX22NPO5103"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100031478","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010661","name":"Horizon 2020 Framework Programme","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["731060"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["731060"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010661","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100018696","name":"HORIZON EUROPE Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["101057690"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["101057690"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100018696","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100014013","name":"UK Research and Innovation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["10038150"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["10038150"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100014013","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100014013","name":"UK Research and Innovation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["10039289"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["10039289"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100014013","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"\u00c9cole Doctorale de l'\u00c9cole Pratique des Hautes \u00c9tudes","award":["ED472"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ED472"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000265","name":"Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MC_UU_12014\/8"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MC_UU_12014\/8"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000265","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000265","name":"Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MC_UU_00034\/4"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MC_UU_00034\/4"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000265","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosntds.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS Negl Trop Dis"],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Toscana virus (TOSV) is an emerging but neglected human pathogen currently circulating around the Mediterranean basin including North Africa. Human illness ranges from asymptomatic or mild flu-like syndromes to severe neurological diseases such as meningitis or meningoencephalitis. Despite its significant impact, understanding of TOSV transmission and epidemiology remains limited. Sand flies (Diptera: Phlebotominae), specifically\n                    <jats:italic>Phlebotomus perniciosus<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>Phlebotomus perfiliewi<\/jats:italic>\n                    , are believed to be the primary vectors of TOSV. However, the spread of TOSV to new geographical areas and its detection in other sand fly species suggest that additional species play a role in the circulation and transmission of this virus. This study investigated the vector competence of four sand fly species -\n                    <jats:italic>P. tobbi<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>P. sergenti<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>P. papatasi<\/jats:italic>\n                    , and\n                    <jats:italic>Sergentomyia schwetzi<\/jats:italic>\n                    - for two TOSV strains: 1500590 (TOSV A lineage) and MRS20104319501 (TOSV B lineage). Sand flies were orally challenged with TOSV via bloodmeals. None of the tested species showed susceptibility to the TOSV A strain. However, for TOSV B strain,\n                    <jats:italic>P. tobbi<\/jats:italic>\n                    demonstrated a high potential as a new vector, exhibiting high infection and dissemination rates.\n                    <jats:italic>P. sergenti<\/jats:italic>\n                    also showed some susceptibility to TOSV B, with the virus dissemination observed in all infected females. These finding suggests that\n                    <jats:italic>P. tobbi<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>P. sergenti<\/jats:italic>\n                    are new potential vectors for TOSV B. Given that\n                    <jats:italic>P. tobbi<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>P. sergenti<\/jats:italic>\n                    are the primary vectors of human leishmaniases in the Balkans, Turkey and Middle East, their susceptibility to TOSV could have significant epidemiological consequences. On the other hand,\n                    <jats:italic>P. papatasi<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>S. schwetzi<\/jats:italic>\n                    appeared refractory to TOSV B infection. Refractoriness of\n                    <jats:italic>P. papatasi,<\/jats:italic>\n                    a highly anthropophilic species distributed from the Mediterranean to the Middle East and India, suggests that this species does not contribute to TOSV circulation.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0013031","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,2]],"date-time":"2025-05-02T13:32:24Z","timestamp":1746192744000},"page":"e0013031","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Susceptibility of diverse sand fly species to Toscana 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