{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,4]],"date-time":"2026-03-04T06:01:23Z","timestamp":1772604083092,"version":"3.50.1"},"update-to":[{"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0013040","type":"new_version","label":"New version","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,30]],"date-time":"2025-04-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1745971200000}}],"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,17]],"date-time":"2025-04-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1744848000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100020907","name":"Instituto Nacional de Salud","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["OC-31-2021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["OC-31-2021"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100020907","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosntds.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS Negl Trop Dis"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The <jats:italic>Bartonella<\/jats:italic> genus includes over twenty species, most transmitted by arthropods and possibly eleven related to human diseases, though some currently lack specific vectors or hosts. <jats:italic>Bartonella rochalimae<\/jats:italic>, a Gram-negative pleomorphic bacterium, was first isolated in 2007 from a woman who traveled to Peru and developed Carrion\u2019s disease-like symptoms. Hence, this study aims to report on bacterial isolates from patients diagnosed with Carrion\u2019s disease, which were found to be caused by <jats:italic>B. rochalimae<\/jats:italic> rather than <jats:italic>B. bacilliformis<\/jats:italic>, and to characterize the genomic aspects of <jats:italic>B. rochalimae<\/jats:italic> as a human pathogen. Five strains of <jats:italic>B. rochalimae<\/jats:italic> were identified using pangenomic and phylogenetic analysis. Additional analyses included core and clade-specific genes, gene ontology (GO), virulence factors (VF), and subcellular localization. This study identified five <jats:italic>B. rochalimae<\/jats:italic> strains from the regions of Ancash, Cajamarca, and Huanuco in Peru, suggesting regional circulation. The findings emphasize the importance of further research on <jats:italic>B. rochalimae<\/jats:italic> gene functions and its role in outbreak developments, highlighting the importance of improved diagnostics and enhanced surveillance.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0013040","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,17]],"date-time":"2025-04-17T17:40:21Z","timestamp":1744911621000},"page":"e0013040","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["New insights into the genomic information of an overlooked human pathogen: Bartonella rochalimae causative agent of Carrion\u2019s disease"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Giovanna","family":"Mendoza-Mujica","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0438-9602","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Karen Daphne","family":"Calvay-Sanchez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yanina","family":"Zarate-Sulca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Victor","family":"Jimenez-Vasquez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,17]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"pntd.0013040.ref001","first-page":"8","article-title":"Bartonellosis: an emerging infectious disease of zoonotic importance to animals and human beings - Breitschwerdt - 2010 - Journal of Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care - Wiley Online Library","volume":"20","author":"EB Breitschwerdt","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Vet Emerg Crit Care"},{"issue":"23","key":"pntd.0013040.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2381","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa065987","article-title":"Bacteremia, fever, and splenomegaly caused","volume":"356","author":"M Eremeeva","year":"2007","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"12","key":"pntd.0013040.ref003","first-page":"10.1099\/jmm.0.001614","article-title":"Bartonella bacilliformis: a forgotten killer","volume":"71","author":"J Ruiz","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Med Microbiol"},{"key":"pntd.0013040.ref004","author":"Ministerio de Salud - Per\u00fa"},{"issue":"10","key":"pntd.0013040.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0011615","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0011615","article-title":"Single-nucleotide polymorphisms in ialB, gltA and rpoB genes of Bartonella bacilliformis isolated from patients in endemic Peruvian regions","volume":"17","author":"Y Zarate-Sulca","year":"2023","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"pntd.0013040.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3339","DOI":"10.1099\/ijsem.0.000416","article-title":"Description of Bartonella ancashensis sp. nov., isolated from the blood of two patients with verruga peruana","volume":"65","author":"KE Mullins","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int J Syst Evol Microbiol"},{"key":"pntd.0013040.ref007","author":"JB Henn"},{"issue":"2","key":"pntd.0013040.ref008","first-page":"394","article-title":"Severe Infective Endocarditis Caused by Bartonella rochalimae","volume":"30","author":"EC Traver","year":"2024","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"pntd.0013040.ref009"},{"key":"pntd.0013040.ref010","author":"Babraham Institute. 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