{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,3]],"date-time":"2026-10-03T20:36:56Z","timestamp":1791059816966,"version":"4.1.0"},"update-to":[{"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0013111","type":"new_version","label":"New version","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,22]],"date-time":"2025-05-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1747872000000}}],"reference-count":65,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,12]],"date-time":"2025-05-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1747008000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosntds.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS Negl Trop Dis"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"sec022\">\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The role of\n                      <jats:italic>Blastocystis<\/jats:italic>\n                      , a common intestinal parasitic protist of humans and other animals, in human health and disease remains elusive. Recent studies suggest a connection between\n                      <jats:italic>Blastocystis<\/jats:italic>\n                      colonization, healthier lifestyles, and high-diversity gut microbiota. Nevertheless, studies concerning the relationship between\n                      <jats:italic>Blastocystis<\/jats:italic>\n                      colonization, its intensity, and gut microbiota composition -involving both bacterial and eukaryotic communities- remain limited.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec023\">\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This study examines the impact of\n                      <jats:italic>Blastocystis<\/jats:italic>\n                      carriage and colonization intensity on gut microbiota composition in a rural community in Colombia. A total of 88 human samples were collected from the rural population of Las Guacas village, located in the Cauca department in southwest Colombia. We utilized 16S and 18S rDNA sequencing to analyze both bacterial and eukaryotic microbiota, comparing\n                      <jats:italic>Blastocystis<\/jats:italic>\n                      -positive and -negative individuals, as well as groups with varying\n                      <jats:italic>Blastocystis<\/jats:italic>\n                      colonization intensity (low, medium, high), to identify distinct microbiota profiles and differentially abundant taxa linked to each condition.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec024\">\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The analysis revealed significant differences between\n                      <jats:italic>Blastocystis<\/jats:italic>\n                      -positive and -negative individuals. In terms of bacterial composition and structure,\n                      <jats:italic>Blastocystis<\/jats:italic>\n                      -positive individuals exhibited distinct microbiota profiles, as shown by beta diversity analysis. Taxa associated with colonization included\n                      <jats:italic>Bacteroides<\/jats:italic>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic>Prevotella<\/jats:italic>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic>Oscillibacter<\/jats:italic>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic>Faecalibacterium<\/jats:italic>\n                      , and\n                      <jats:italic>Alistipes<\/jats:italic>\n                      . Higher\n                      <jats:italic>Blastocystis<\/jats:italic>\n                      colonization intensity was associated with an increased abundance of taxa such as\n                      <jats:italic>Alistipes<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>Lachnospira<\/jats:italic>\n                      , while lower intensities correlated with beneficial bacteria such as\n                      <jats:italic>Akkermansia<\/jats:italic>\n                      . Regarding eukaryotic composition, beta diversity analysis revealed distinct profiles associated with\n                      <jats:italic>Blastocystis<\/jats:italic>\n                      colonization. Differentially abundant taxa, including\n                      <jats:italic>Entamoeba coli<\/jats:italic>\n                      , were more prevalent in\n                      <jats:italic>Blastocystis<\/jats:italic>\n                      -positive individuals, while\n                      <jats:italic>Blastocystis<\/jats:italic>\n                      -negative individuals exhibited a higher abundance of opportunistic fungi, such as\n                      <jats:italic>Candida albicans<\/jats:italic>\n                      . Machine learning models, including random forest classifiers, supported these findings, identifying\n                      <jats:italic>Faecalibacterium<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>Bacteroides<\/jats:italic>\n                      as predictors of\n                      <jats:italic>Blastocystis<\/jats:italic>\n                      colonization.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec025\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      These findings suggest that\n                      <jats:italic>Blastocystis<\/jats:italic>\n                      may modulate gut microbiota, contributing to microbial balance providing new insights into the ecological implications of\n                      <jats:italic>Blastocystis<\/jats:italic>\n                      in rural populations.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n   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