{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,7]],"date-time":"2026-03-07T15:00:15Z","timestamp":1772895615834,"version":"3.50.1"},"update-to":[{"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0013171","type":"new_version","label":"New version","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,6]],"date-time":"2026-03-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772755200000}}],"reference-count":64,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]],"date-time":"2026-02-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772150400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"The Coalition for Operational Research on Neglected Tropical Diseases","award":["274G"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["274G"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosntds.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS Negl Trop Dis"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"sec001\">\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Despite more than 27 years of ivermectin mass drug administration (MDA), onchocerciasis transmission persists in the Kwanware-Ottou focus within the Wenchi Health District of Ghana. This study examined participation in ivermectin MDA over time in this transmission focus.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec002\">\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In March 2024, two months after MDA using the community-directed treatment with ivermectin (CDTI) approach, settlements within Kwanware-Ottou focus were identified through community consultations and satellite imagery. A census was then conducted integrating an ivermectin treatment coverage evaluation survey (CES) to evaluate community participation in CDTI. Data were cleaned using STATA and analysed in R. Descriptive statistics, multiple logistic regression, and ordinal logistic regression were conducted to examine factors associated with point and effective participation in CDTI. Point participation is the percentage of individuals aged 15\u2009+\u2009who took ivermectin during the last CDTI, while effective participation refers to those who have taken it at least ten times in past rounds. Pearson correlation was used to assess the relationship between participation and infection prevalence.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec003\">\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Nineteen settlements were identified, with an overall point participation of 80.3% (n\u2009=\u20091461 participants; 95% Confidence Interval, CI:78.6 - 82) for the preceding CDTI. However, 10 settlements had coverage below 80%. Effective participation was only 53.5% (n\u2009=\u2009974; CI: 51.2 -55.9), well below the recommended 80%. Participation was influenced by factors such as age, occupation, ethnicity, remoteness, length of stay in the settlement, and mobility (migration). Effective participation was correlated with infection levels, with correlation coefficients of -0.74 for microfilariae prevalence and -0.79 for anti-Ov16 seroprevalence, indicating a strong inverse relationship.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec004\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>High point participation masks low effective participation and insufficient subdistrict geographical coverage. Conducting exhaustive CES in delineated foci is essential for evaluating CDTI performance, tailoring and strengthening CDTI, and informing alternative strategies to interrupt onchocerciasis transmission. This approach has contributed to effective, context-specific strategies to interrupt transmission in Wenchi and beyond.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0013171","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]],"date-time":"2026-02-27T18:38:06Z","timestamp":1772217486000},"page":"e0013171","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Significant gap between Point participation and long\u2011term treatment adherence: An evaluation of ivermectin MDA in the Kwanware\u2011Ottou persistent onchocerciasis transmission focus, Wenchi, Ghana"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7472-4608","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Rogers","family":"Nditanchou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Akinola Stephen","family":"Oluwole","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Judith","family":"Saare","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Agyemang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alexandre","family":"Chailloux","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sandra Adelaide","family":"King","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mike Yaw","family":"Osei-Atweneboana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Richard","family":"Selby","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joseph","family":"Opare","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anita","family":"Jeyam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stephen","family":"Pye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Louise","family":"Hamill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joseph Nelson Siewe","family":"Fodjo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elena","family":"Schmidt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Veronique","family":"Verhoeven","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Robert","family":"Colebunders","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"pntd.0013171.ref001","volume-title":"Guidelines for stopping mass drug administration and verifying elimination of human onchocerciasis: criteria and procedures","author":"WHO","year":"2016"},{"key":"pntd.0013171.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.2147\/RRTM.S224364","article-title":"Onchocerciasis elimination: progress and challenges","author":"T Lakwo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Research and Reports in Tropical Medicine"},{"issue":"1","key":"pntd.0013171.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1186\/s40249-025-01297-6","article-title":"Recognising the neurological burden of onchocerciasis: the need to include onchocerciasis-associated epilepsy in onchocerciasis global health metrics","volume":"14","author":"L-J Amaral","year":"2025","journal-title":"Infect Dis Poverty"},{"key":"pntd.0013171.ref004","first-page":"577","article-title":"Elimination of human onchocerciasis: Progress report, 2023\u20132024","volume":"41","author":"WHO","year":"2024","journal-title":"Wkly Epidemiol Rec"},{"key":"pntd.0013171.ref005","unstructured":"WHO. 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