{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T22:24:16Z","timestamp":1792621456567,"version":"4.5.0"},"update-to":[{"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0013186","type":"new_version","label":"New version","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,30]],"date-time":"2025-06-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751241600000}}],"reference-count":124,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,25]],"date-time":"2025-06-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1750809600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosntds.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS Negl Trop Dis"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"sec001\">\n<jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Intestinal parasites are a major public health problem worldwide, especially in societies with low socioeconomic status and where sanitation rules are not sufficiently emphasized. School-age children are the most affected group in these societies. In light of the literature data, the intestinal parasites detected in school-age children and the geographical and socioeconomic structure of Turkey are evaluated together. The study hypothesizes that the parasite prevalence in school-age children is high, and there is substantial socioeconomic and geographical variation in species-specific prevalence. It is aimed to determine the pooled prevalence of intestinal parasite infections in school-age children in Turkey, identify the common parasite species, and compare the prevalence in different geographical regions of Turkey.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec002\">\n<jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, and TR index databases were searched to access published articles reporting the presence of intestinal parasites among school-age children in Turkey. The prevalence of intestinal parasites was calculated using a random effects model. Subgroup analyses were performed according to the parasite species and geographical regions of Turkey. Also, year-based meta-regression analyses were conducted.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec003\">\n<jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>A total of 204.754 samples from 99 articles were included in the analysis. The pooled prevalence of intestinal parasites was 29%, with high heterogeneity (I<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\u2009=\u200999.88%, P\u2009&lt;\u20090.001). The subgroup analysis revealed that the Southeastern Anatolia is the region with higher prevalence of intestinal parasites among school-age children, with a rate of 41% (I<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\u2009=\u200999.44%, P\u2009&lt;\u20090.001). Subgroup analysis for parasite species revealed that <jats:italic>G. intestinalis\/duedonalis\/labmblia<\/jats:italic> (11%; 95% CI: 9%-13%, I<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\u2009=\u200999.85) was the most frequently detected parasite in school-age children, followed by <jats:italic>Blastocystis spp., Enterobius vermicularis, Entamoeba coli, Ascaris lumbricoides<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Entamoeba histolytica\/dispar.<\/jats:italic><\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec004\">\n<jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections (IPI) among school-age children in Turkey is particularly high in Southeastern Anatolia, the Mediterranean, and Eastern Anatolia. Socioeconomic conditions, education, and geography are the main factors that affect this situation. It is crucial for school-age children and their parents to receive education on the transmission mechanisms of intestinal parasitic infections (IPIs) and strategies for their prevention. Furthermore, it is essential for local governments and public authorities to upgrade infrastructure to ensure that drinking water and food are not contaminated by polluted water sources.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0013186","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,25]],"date-time":"2025-06-25T18:30:21Z","timestamp":1750876221000},"page":"e0013186","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Prevalence of intestinal parasites in school-age children in Turkey: A systematic review and meta-analysis"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1780-6671","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ahmed Galip","family":"Halidi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kemal","family":"Yaran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Selahattin","family":"Aydemir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abdurrahman","family":"Ekici","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yusuf","family":"Dilbilir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,25]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"pntd.0013186.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0009971","article-title":"Prevalence of intestinal protozoan parasites among school children in africa: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"16","author":"K Hajissa","year":"2022","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"issue":"4","key":"pntd.0013186.ref002","first-page":"368","article-title":"Parasite prevalence in schools with different socioeconomic status and evaluation of methods for diagnosing intestinal parasitic diseases","volume":"24","author":"MK Balci","year":"1990","journal-title":"Mikrobiyol Bul"},{"issue":"4","key":"pntd.0013186.ref003","first-page":"289","article-title":"Intestinal parasitoses detected in primary schoolchildren in the Van province","volume":"33","author":"Z Ta\u015f Cengiz","year":"2009","journal-title":"Turkiye Parazitol Derg"},{"key":"pntd.0013186.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1590\/S0074-02762003000900016","article-title":"Human intestinal parasites in the past: new findings and a review","author":"MLC Gon\u00e7alves","year":"2003","journal-title":"Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz"},{"issue":"3","key":"pntd.0013186.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.7883\/yoken.JJID.2019.054","article-title":"Intestinal Protozoan Parasitic Infections in Immunocompromised Child Patients with Diarrhea","volume":"73","author":"A Caner","year":"2020","journal-title":"Jpn J Infect Dis"},{"key":"pntd.0013186.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107177","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2024.107177","article-title":"Epidemiological investigation of Cryptosporidium in children with diarrhea in middle Inner Mongolia, China","volume":"254","author":"W Guo","year":"2024","journal-title":"Acta Trop"},{"key":"pntd.0013186.ref007","article-title":"Investigation of cryptosporidiosis by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and microscopy in children with diarrhea","author":"H Y\u0131lmaz","year":"2008","journal-title":"Saudi Medical Journal"},{"issue":"4","key":"pntd.0013186.ref008","first-page":"367","article-title":"Intestinal parasites in primary school students","volume":"25","author":"S Co\u015fkun","year":"1991","journal-title":"Mikrobiyol Bul"},{"key":"pntd.0013186.ref009","article-title":"The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews","volume":"372","author":"MJ Page","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"pntd.0013186.ref010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2020.06.039","article-title":"Quality assessment of prevalence studies: a systematic review","volume":"127","author":"Prevalence Estimates Reviews \u2013 Systematic Review Methodology Group (PERSyst)","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"},{"key":"pntd.0013186.ref011","unstructured":"Checkl\u0131st for Prevalence Stud\u0131es Critical Appraisal tools for use in JBI Systematic Reviews."},{"key":"pntd.0013186.ref012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2017.01.019","article-title":"Intestinal parasitic infections in Iranian preschool and school children: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"169","author":"A Daryani","year":"2017","journal-title":"Acta Trop"},{"issue":"3","key":"pntd.0013186.ref013","first-page":"278","article-title":"Demographic status and prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections in schoolchildren in Izmir, Turkey","volume":"49","author":"U Aksoy","year":"2007","journal-title":"Turk J Pediatr"},{"issue":"4","key":"pntd.0013186.ref014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.5578\/flora.66412","article-title":"Investigation of Parasitic Infection Rate in Stool Samples Submitted to Uludag University Parasitology Laboratory Between 2011-2015","volume":"22","author":"N\u00dc T\u00fczemen","year":"2017","journal-title":"FLORA"},{"issue":"2","key":"pntd.0013186.ref015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2003.06.003","article-title":"Demographic and socio-economic factors affecting the physical development, haemoglobin and parasitic infection status of schoolchildren in Sanliurfa province, Turkey","volume":"118","author":"M Ulukanligil","year":"2004","journal-title":"Public Health"},{"issue":"10","key":"pntd.0013186.ref016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"927","DOI":"10.3855\/jidc.11552","article-title":"Evaluation of intestinal parasites in patients with chronic spontaneous urticaria in a territory hospital in Turkey","volume":"13","author":"S Vezir","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Infect Dev Ctries"},{"key":"pntd.0013186.ref017","article-title":"Effects of enterobiasis on primary school children","author":"A \u00c7eliks\u00f6z","year":"2016","journal-title":"Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research"},{"key":"pntd.0013186.ref018","article-title":"Ni\u011fde Yeti\u015ftirme Yurdunda 13-18 Ya\u015f Grubunda G\u00f6r\u00fclen Barsak Parazitlerinin Ya\u015fa ve Cinsiyete G\u00f6re Da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131","author":"B \u00d6zkalp","year":"2009","journal-title":"Kafkas Univ Vet Fak Derg"},{"issue":"2","key":"pntd.0013186.ref019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1159\/000450953","article-title":"Parasitic Infections in Children with Chronic Spontaneous Urticaria","volume":"171","author":"E Arik Yilmaz","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int Arch Allergy Immunol"},{"issue":"2","key":"pntd.0013186.ref020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1093\/tropej\/50.2.90","article-title":"Effect of Giardia infection on growth and psychomotor development of children aged 0-5 years","volume":"50","author":"Z Simsek","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Trop Pediatr"},{"key":"pntd.0013186.ref021","article-title":"Sa\u011fl\u0131k Y\u00fcksekokulu ve Veteriner Fak\u00fcltesi \u00d6\u011frencilerinde Ba\u011f\u0131rsak Parazitleri","author":"A Yetki\u0307n","year":"2009","journal-title":"Kafkas Univ Vet Fak Derg"},{"issue":"2","key":"pntd.0013186.ref022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-006-0138-7","article-title":"The distribution of the intestinal parasitic diseases in the Southeast Anatolian (GAP=SEAP) region of Turkey","volume":"99","author":"M Ak","year":"2006","journal-title":"Parasitol Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"pntd.0013186.ref023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"839","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-008-1065-6","article-title":"The prevalence of intestinal parasites in the province of Izmir, Turkey","volume":"103","author":"H Dagci","year":"2008","journal-title":"Parasitol Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"pntd.0013186.ref024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"617","DOI":"10.17826\/cutf.325568","article-title":"Akut gastroenterit salg\u0131n\u0131n\u0131n mikrobiyolojik de\u011ferlendirmesi","volume":"42","author":"S Ma\u00e7in","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cukurova Medical Journal (\u00c7ukurova \u00dcniversitesi T\u0131p Fak\u00fcltesi Dergisi)"},{"issue":"4","key":"pntd.0013186.ref025","first-page":"580","article-title":"The Distribution of Blastocystis Subtypes among School-aged Children in Mugla, Turkey","volume":"12","author":"F Sankur","year":"2017","journal-title":"Iran J Parasitol"},{"issue":"2","key":"pntd.0013186.ref026","first-page":"129","article-title":"Intestinal parasites in children with neoplasms","volume":"45","author":"U Aksoy","year":"2003","journal-title":"Turk J Pediatr"},{"issue":"7","key":"pntd.0013186.ref027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.1080\/08039488.2018.1514421","article-title":"Toxoplasma gondii - obsessive -compulsive disorder relationship: is it different in children?","volume":"72","author":"\u00d6 Miman","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nord J Psychiatry"},{"key":"pntd.0013186.ref028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2905","DOI":"10.15666\/aeer\/1904_29052913","article-title":"Determination of the occurrence frequency of Cryptosporidium sp. in children brought to the hospital with the complaint of diarrhea using different methods","volume":"19","author":"A Ekici","year":"2021","journal-title":"Appl Ecol Environ Res"},{"issue":"8","key":"pntd.0013186.ref029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"882","DOI":"10.1111\/zph.12774","article-title":"Low socioeconomic level and enterobius vermicularis: A interventional study to children and their mothers in home","volume":"67","author":"K \u00d6zdil","year":"2020","journal-title":"Zoonoses Public Health"},{"issue":"2","key":"pntd.0013186.ref030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.2500\/aap.2007.27.2904","article-title":"Association between previous enterobiasis and current wheezing: evaluation of 1018 children","volume":"28","author":"NN Bahceciler","year":"2007","journal-title":"Allergy Asthma Proc"},{"issue":"8","key":"pntd.0013186.ref031","first-page":"1243","article-title":"The prevalence of cryptosporidiosis in Turkish children, and genotyping of isolates by nested polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism","volume":"28","author":"GS Tamer","year":"2007","journal-title":"Saudi Med J"},{"issue":"6","key":"pntd.0013186.ref032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"482","DOI":"10.7883\/yoken.JJID.2008.482","article-title":"Enterobiasis among Preschool Children: a Study from Kayseri, Turkey","volume":"61","author":"M Oguzkaya Artan","year":"2008","journal-title":"Jpn J Infect Dis"},{"issue":"6","key":"pntd.0013186.ref033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"518","DOI":"10.1097\/PHH.0b013e3181aa2814","article-title":"Prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus and intestinal parasites among food handlers in Sanliurfa, Southeastern Anatolia","volume":"15","author":"Z Simsek","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Public Health Manag Pract"},{"key":"pntd.0013186.ref034","first-page":"531","article-title":"Prevalence of toxocariasis in human and dogs in Van province","author":"M Cicek","year":"2012","journal-title":"Journal of Veterinary Faculty Kafkas University"},{"issue":"3","key":"pntd.0013186.ref035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.5578\/flora.68055","article-title":"Viral and Parasitic Gastroenteritis Agents and Metronidazole Treatment in Diyarbakir Children\u2019s Hospital","volume":"24","author":"F Bacalan","year":"2019","journal-title":"FLORA"},{"issue":"23","key":"pntd.0013186.ref036","article-title":"The frequency of Escherichia coli (EPEC, ETEC, EIEC and serotypes) shigella, rotavirus and parasite agents among children with acute gastroenteritis in Southeast Anatolia, Turkey","volume":"6","author":"M Turhanoglu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Afr J Microbiol Res"},{"issue":"6","key":"pntd.0013186.ref037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1545","DOI":"10.5336\/medsci.2011-26071","article-title":"Investigation of the Cryptosporidium in Immune Suppressed Individuals by Using Modified Acid-Fast Stainnig and ELISA Methods","volume":"32","author":"C Eren","year":"2012","journal-title":"Turkiye Klinikleri J Med Sci"},{"issue":"10","key":"pntd.0013186.ref038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"897","DOI":"10.1097\/01.inf.0000180514.46871.65","article-title":"Acute trichinellosis in children compared with adults","volume":"24","author":"D Ozdemir","year":"2005","journal-title":"Pediatr Infect Dis J"},{"key":"pntd.0013186.ref039","first-page":"16","article-title":"The Relationship Between Enterobius Vermicularis Infection And Nocturnal Enuresis","volume":"3","author":"G \u00c7ulha","year":"2006","journal-title":"European Journal of General Medicine"},{"issue":"1","key":"pntd.0013186.ref040","first-page":"9","article-title":"Molecular Characterization of Giardia intestinalis and Cryptosporidium spp. Detected in Humans in A\u011fr\u0131, T\u00fcrkiye","volume":"19","author":"S Aydemir","year":"2024","journal-title":"Iran J Parasitol"},{"issue":"1","key":"pntd.0013186.ref041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.5578\/flora.20229911","article-title":"Pediatrik Hastalarda Akut Gastroenterit Etkenlerinin Laboratuvar Parametrelerine Etkisinin De\u011ferlendirilmesi","volume":"27","author":"E Ayd\u0131n","year":"2022","journal-title":"FLORA"},{"key":"pntd.0013186.ref042","article-title":"A New Approach to the Diagnosis of Species of Blastocystis: Direct Fluorescent Antibody Method","author":"S T\u00fcrk","year":"2009","journal-title":"Kafkas Univ Vet Fak Derg"},{"issue":"9","key":"pntd.0013186.ref043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1369","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3468(99)90013-1","article-title":"Spectrum of complicated intestinal amebiasis through resected specimens: incidence and outcome","volume":"34","author":"AO Ciftci","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Pediatr Surg"},{"issue":"2","key":"pntd.0013186.ref044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1469-0691.2003.00504.x","article-title":"Dientamoeba fragilis, a neglected cause of diarrhea, successfully treated with secnidazole","volume":"9","author":"N Girginkarde\u015fler","year":"2003","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Infect"},{"issue":"3","key":"pntd.0013186.ref045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpag.2015.07.002","article-title":"Personal Hygiene and Vulvovaginitis in Prepubertal Children","volume":"29","author":"F Cemek","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol"},{"issue":"3","key":"pntd.0013186.ref046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.5152\/tjg.2015.8001","article-title":"Seroprevalence of human fascioliasis in Van province, Turkey","volume":"26","author":"Z Ta\u015f Cengiz","year":"2015","journal-title":"Turk J Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"4","key":"pntd.0013186.ref047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"444","DOI":"10.18683\/germs.2022.1350","article-title":"Distribution of bacterial, viral and parasitic gastroenteritis agents in children under 18 years of age in Erzurum, Turkey, 2010-2020","volume":"12","author":"B \u00c7imen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Germs"},{"issue":"3","key":"pntd.0013186.ref048","first-page":"296","article-title":"Detection of Blastocystis Subtypes in Children with Functional Abdominal Pain and Celiac Disease in \u00c7orum, Turkey","volume":"17","author":"AS G\u00fcreser","year":"2022","journal-title":"Iran J Parasitol"},{"issue":"3","key":"pntd.0013186.ref049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1007\/s12088-011-0107-4","article-title":"Prevalence of microsporidium and other intestinal parasites in children from malatya, Turkey","volume":"51","author":"S Calik","year":"2011","journal-title":"Indian J Microbiol"},{"key":"pntd.0013186.ref050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"526","DOI":"10.12659\/MSM.892318","article-title":"Genotyping and phylogenetic analysis of Giardia duodenalis isolates from Turkish children","volume":"21","author":"GS Tamer","year":"2015","journal-title":"Med Sci Monit"},{"key":"pntd.0013186.ref051","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-4-64","article-title":"Intestinal parasites prevalence and related factors in school children, a western city sample--Turkey","volume":"4","author":"P Okyay","year":"2004","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"issue":"3","key":"pntd.0013186.ref052","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"438","DOI":"10.5604\/12321966.1167709","article-title":"Prevalence and associated risk factors of intestinal parasites among children of farm workers in the southeastern Anatolian region of Turkey","volume":"22","author":"N Yentur Doni","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ann Agric Environ Med"},{"issue":"12","key":"pntd.0013186.ref053","article-title":"Detection of Cryptosporidium parvum infection in childhood using various techniques","volume":"8","author":"T Doganci","year":"2002","journal-title":"Med Sci Monit"},{"key":"pntd.0013186.ref054","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-3-29","article-title":"Demographic and parasitic infection status of schoolchildren and sanitary conditions of schools in Sanliurfa, Turkey","volume":"3","author":"M Ulukanligil","year":"2003","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"issue":"5","key":"pntd.0013186.ref055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"567","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1442-200x.2005.02110.x","article-title":"Effects of giardiasis on school success, weight and height indices of primary school children in Turkey","volume":"47","author":"A Celiks\u00f6z","year":"2005","journal-title":"Pediatr Int"},{"issue":"4","key":"pntd.0013186.ref056","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.5152\/tpd.2015.3620","article-title":"Risk Factors and Relationship Between Intestinal Parasites and the Growth Retardation and Psychomotor Development Delays of Children in \u015eanl\u0131urfa, Turkey","volume":"39","author":"N Yentur Doni","year":"2015","journal-title":"Turkiye Parazitol Derg"},{"issue":"2","key":"pntd.0013186.ref057","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parint.2007.01.005","article-title":"Rural life, lower socioeconomic status and parasitic infections","volume":"56","author":"IC Balcioglu","year":"2007","journal-title":"Parasitol Int"},{"issue":"4","key":"pntd.0013186.ref058","first-page":"1087","article-title":"Diagnostics of intestinal parasites by light microscopy among the population of children between the ages of 4-12 in eastern Turkey","volume":"35","author":"SO Babat","year":"2018","journal-title":"Trop Biomed"},{"issue":"1","key":"pntd.0013186.ref059","first-page":"95","article-title":"Enterobiosis in Sivas, Turkey from past to present, effects on primary school children and potential risk factors","volume":"33","author":"S De\u011ferli","year":"2009","journal-title":"Turkiye Parazitol Derg"},{"key":"pntd.0013186.ref060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"342","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-7-342","article-title":"Health inequities: lower socio-economic conditions and higher incidences of intestinal parasites","volume":"7","author":"I Ostan","year":"2007","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"pntd.0013186.ref061","first-page":"62","article-title":"The frequency of intestinal parasites and head lice among students of the Ak\u015femsettin Primary School for Deaf Students","volume":"31","author":"M Atambay","year":"2007","journal-title":"Turkiye Parazitol Derg"},{"issue":"1","key":"pntd.0013186.ref062","first-page":"59","article-title":"The distribution of intestinal parasites in children living in orphanages in Hatay, Turkey","volume":"33","author":"E Turhan","year":"2009","journal-title":"Turkiye Parazitol Derg"},{"issue":"1","key":"pntd.0013186.ref063","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.4274\/tpd.galenos.2023.04796","article-title":"Investigation of Head Lice and Intestinal Parasites in Primary and Secondary School in Sivas","volume":"48","author":"S \u00c7amdal\u0131","year":"2024","journal-title":"Turkiye Parazitol Derg"},{"issue":"6","key":"pntd.0013186.ref064","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1361","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-023-07836-0","article-title":"Investigation of intestinal parasites by conventional and molecular methods in children with gastrointestinal system complaints","volume":"122","author":"M \u00d6zkan-Ahmeto\u011flu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Parasitol Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"pntd.0013186.ref065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.4274\/tpd.galenos.2021.65375","article-title":"Evaluation of Intestinal Parasites and Some Clinical Symptoms in Children with Diarrhea","volume":"46","author":"\u0130 Karaku\u015f","year":"2022","journal-title":"Turkiye Parazitol Derg"},{"issue":"2","key":"pntd.0013186.ref066","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.4274\/tpd.galenos.2020.6318","article-title":"Investigation of Cryptosporidium spp. Antigen By ELISA in Stool Specimens Sent to Our Laboratory between 2010 and 2018","volume":"44","author":"YE Beyhan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Turkiye Parazitol Derg"},{"issue":"2","key":"pntd.0013186.ref067","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.4274\/tpd.galenos.2019.5997","article-title":"A Comprehensive Retrospective Study: Intestinal Parasites in Human in Van Province","volume":"43","author":"Z Ta\u015f Cengiz","year":"2019","journal-title":"Turkiye Parazitol Derg"},{"issue":"4","key":"pntd.0013186.ref068","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.5505\/ejm.2018.70883","article-title":"Determination of most frequent opportunistic intestinal parasites in children","volume":"23","author":"S \u0130\u015fler","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eastern J Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"pntd.0013186.ref069","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.1111\/ped.12959","article-title":"Detection of parasites in children with chronic diarrhea","volume":"58","author":"S Ma\u00e7in","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pediatr Int"},{"issue":"1","key":"pntd.0013186.ref070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.5152\/tpd.2016.4508","article-title":"Coexistence of Helicobacter pylori and Intestinal Parasitosis in Children with Chronic Abdominal Pain","volume":"40","author":"B G\u00f6k\u015fen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Turkiye Parazitol Derg"},{"issue":"3","key":"pntd.0013186.ref071","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.21101\/cejph.a4231","article-title":"Investigation of Factors Affecting Frequency of Intestinal Parasites in Primary School Students in an Urban Region in Turkey","volume":"24","author":"\u0130 Ar\u0131kan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cent Eur J Public Health"},{"issue":"2","key":"pntd.0013186.ref072","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.5152\/tpd.2015.3781","article-title":"The Investigation of Prevalence of Enterobius vermicularis (L.1758) in Primary School Age Children and Its Relation to Various Symptoms","volume":"39","author":"S Yazgan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Turkiye Parazitol Derg"},{"issue":"1","key":"pntd.0013186.ref073","first-page":"114","article-title":"Comparison of direct microscopy, culture, ELISA and molecular methods for diagnosis of Entamoeba histolytica","volume":"48","author":"NU T\u00fczemen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Mikrobiyol Bul"},{"issue":"4","key":"pntd.0013186.ref074","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"426","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1525-1470.2011.01564.x","article-title":"The prevalence of Pediculus humanus capitis and the coexistence of intestinal parasites in young children in boarding schools in Sivas, Turkey","volume":"29","author":"S De\u011ferli","year":"2012","journal-title":"Pediatr Dermatol"},{"issue":"2","key":"pntd.0013186.ref075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.5152\/tpd.2011.24","article-title":"Investigation of intestinal parasites among primary school students in Kayseri-Hac\u0131lar","volume":"35","author":"B Hamamc\u0131","year":"2011","journal-title":"Turkiye Parazitol Derg"},{"issue":"2","key":"pntd.0013186.ref076","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.5152\/tpd.2011.23","article-title":"Investigation of intestinal parasites among elementary school students in the Mugla province","volume":"35","author":"B Ekinci","year":"2011","journal-title":"Turkiye Parazitol Derg"},{"issue":"6","key":"pntd.0013186.ref077","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"888","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2214.2010.01126.x","article-title":"Intestinal parasites, nutritional status and physchomotor development delay in migratory farm worker\u2019s children","volume":"36","author":"I Koruk","year":"2010","journal-title":"Child Care Health Dev"},{"issue":"3","key":"pntd.0013186.ref078","first-page":"172","article-title":"Investigation of intestinal parasites in students of Mustafa Cengiz primary school in Van","volume":"34","author":"H G\u00fcd\u00fcc\u00fco\u011flu","year":"2010","journal-title":"Turkiye Parazitol Derg"},{"key":"pntd.0013186.ref079","first-page":"166","article-title":"A retrospective evaluation of the prevalence of intestinal parasites in Istanbul, Turkey","volume":"34","author":"F K\u00f6ksal","year":"2010","journal-title":"Turkish Journal of Parasitology"},{"issue":"4","key":"pntd.0013186.ref080","first-page":"294","article-title":"Intestinal parasites detected in S\u00fcphan Primary schoolchildren in Van","volume":"33","author":"Z Ta\u015f Cengiz","year":"2009","journal-title":"Turkiye Parazitol Derg"},{"issue":"3","key":"pntd.0013186.ref081","first-page":"261","article-title":"The investigation of intestinal parasites in two primary schools in different social-economic districts of the city of Yozgat, Turkey","volume":"32","author":"AD Ata\u015f","year":"2008","journal-title":"Turkiye Parazitol Derg"},{"issue":"3","key":"pntd.0013186.ref082","first-page":"257","article-title":"Distribution of intestinal parasites in children in two different day nurseries and a kindergarten in Aydin","volume":"32","author":"SY Karadam","year":"2008","journal-title":"Turkiye Parazitol Derg"},{"issue":"4","key":"pntd.0013186.ref083","first-page":"346","article-title":"The distribution of intestinal parasites and their causative factors in children","volume":"32","author":"F Yapici","year":"2008","journal-title":"Turkiye Parazitol Derg"},{"issue":"1","key":"pntd.0013186.ref084","first-page":"54","article-title":"The frequency of intestinal parasites in primary school children in urban and rural regions","volume":"32","author":"E Malatyali","year":"2008","journal-title":"Turkiye Parazitol Derg"},{"issue":"2","key":"pntd.0013186.ref085","first-page":"130","article-title":"The frequency of the presence of intestinal parasites in students of Arslanbey Primary School","volume":"32","author":"GS Tamer","year":"2008","journal-title":"Turkiye Parazitol Derg"},{"issue":"2","key":"pntd.0013186.ref086","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1177\/004947550703700231","article-title":"The prevalence of intestinal parasite infections among schoolchildren of Van province, Turkey","volume":"37","author":"H Yilmaz","year":"2007","journal-title":"Trop Doct"},{"issue":"2","key":"pntd.0013186.ref087","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1179\/136485907X156960","article-title":"Importance of the detection of amoebic antigens in stool samples for the diagnosis of Entamoeba histolytica infection, among children in southern Turkey","volume":"101","author":"IS Koltas","year":"2007","journal-title":"Ann Trop Med Parasitol"},{"issue":"2","key":"pntd.0013186.ref088","first-page":"139","article-title":"Investigation of intestinal parasites and ectoparasites in three primary school students in Elazi\u011f","volume":"31","author":"M Yilmaz","year":"2007","journal-title":"Turkiye Parazitol Derg"},{"key":"pntd.0013186.ref089","first-page":"17","article-title":"Investigation of Cryptosporidium oocysts in elementary school students in Mersin","volume":"31","author":"F Ota\u01e7","year":"2007","journal-title":"Turkish Journal of Parasitology"},{"issue":"4","key":"pntd.0013186.ref090","first-page":"305","article-title":"Comparison of the results of examination of fecal samples from students at six months intervals in the Alahaci village primary school in Sivas","volume":"30","author":"S De\u011ferli","year":"2006","journal-title":"Turkiye Parazitol Derg"},{"key":"pntd.0013186.ref091","first-page":"296","article-title":"The prevalence and distribution of intestinal parasites detected by the Uludag University Medical School","volume":"30","author":"O Alver","year":"2006","journal-title":"Turkish Journal of Parasitology"},{"issue":"1","key":"pntd.0013186.ref092","first-page":"35","article-title":"Incidence of intestinal parasites among primary school children in Malatya","volume":"30","author":"T Celik","year":"2006","journal-title":"Turkiye Parazitol Derg"},{"issue":"2","key":"pntd.0013186.ref093","first-page":"184","article-title":"Prevalence of intestinal parasites in three socioeconomically-different regions of Sivas, Turkey","volume":"23","author":"A Celiks\u00f6z","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Health Popul Nutr"},{"issue":"6","key":"pntd.0013186.ref094","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"656","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1442-200x.2004.01982.x","article-title":"Intestinal parasitic infection in children in post-disaster situations years after earthquake","volume":"46","author":"CE Ozt\u00fcrk","year":"2004","journal-title":"Pediatr Int"},{"issue":"1","key":"pntd.0013186.ref095","first-page":"57","article-title":"Intestinal parasites in primary schools of different socioeconomic status and environmental conditions","volume":"25","author":"N G\u00fcrses","year":"1991","journal-title":"Mikrobiyol Bul"},{"issue":"1","key":"pntd.0013186.ref096","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.5152\/tpd.2018.5718","article-title":"Distribution of Intestinal Parasites Detected in \u015eanl\u0131urfa Mehmet Akif Inan Education and Research Hospital Between October 2015 and October 2016","volume":"42","author":"K \u00d6ncel","year":"2018","journal-title":"Turkiye Parazitol Derg"},{"issue":"2","key":"pntd.0013186.ref097","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.5152\/tpd.2018.5403","article-title":"Distribution of Intestinal Parasites in Patients Hospitalized in Child Intensive Care Unit","volume":"42","author":"F Birdal Ak\u0131\u015f","year":"2018","journal-title":"Turkiye Parazitol Derg"},{"key":"pntd.0013186.ref098","first-page":"389","article-title":"Distribution of intestinal parasites among the students of Atat\u00fcrk University and therapy results","author":"AA Keskinler","year":"1997","journal-title":"Eurasian J Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"pntd.0013186.ref099","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.18827\/etad.99153","article-title":"10-16 Ya\u015f Aras\u0131ndaki \u0130lk\u00f6\u011fretim \u00c7ocuklar\u0131nda Ba\u011f\u0131rsak Parazitlerinin Geli\u015fme Gerili\u011fine Etkisi","volume":"12","author":"T \u00c7elik","year":"2014","journal-title":"T\u0131p Ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131 Dergisi"},{"key":"pntd.0013186.ref100","article-title":"Prevalence of Cryptosporidium spp. and other intestinal parasites in children with diarrhea","volume":"38","author":"M \u00c7i\u00e7ek","year":"2011","journal-title":"Dicle Medical Journal"},{"key":"pntd.0013186.ref101","first-page":"53","article-title":"Prevalence of intestinal parasites among children in Harput nursery school and Harput orphanage","author":"M Kaplan","year":"2009","journal-title":"Firat University Journal of Health Sciences"},{"issue":"1","key":"pntd.0013186.ref102","first-page":"63","article-title":"The determination of intestinal parasites, physical growth and hygiene behaviors of children in the Mersin City Social Service Child Care Centre","volume":"33","author":"G B\u00f6rek\u00e7i","year":"2009","journal-title":"Turkiye Parazitol Derg"},{"key":"pntd.0013186.ref103","first-page":"106","article-title":"The frequency of luminal parasites among the primary school children from different settlements in Sivas","volume":"31","author":"E Malatyal\u0131","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cumhuriyet Medical Journal"},{"key":"pntd.0013186.ref104","first-page":"21","article-title":"The intestinal parasite prevalence in students of Namik Kemal Elementary School in Elaz\u0131\u011f","author":"M Kaplan","year":"2009","journal-title":"Firat University Journal of Health Sciences"},{"issue":"3","key":"pntd.0013186.ref105","first-page":"176","article-title":"The investigation of intestinal parasites in foreign high school students","volume":"34","author":"O Yaman","year":"2010","journal-title":"Turkiye Parazitol Derg"},{"key":"pntd.0013186.ref106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.5799\/ahinjs.01.2015.03.0531","article-title":"Three years of distribution of intestinal parasites in an education and research hospital: A retrospective study","volume":"6","author":"B Pekta\u015f","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Clin Exp Invest"},{"issue":"6","key":"pntd.0013186.ref107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"324","DOI":"10.1093\/trstmh\/trw033","article-title":"Decreasing prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections among school-aged children in Nepal: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"110","author":"R Kunwar","year":"2016","journal-title":"Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg"},{"issue":"9","key":"pntd.0013186.ref108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"781","DOI":"10.1111\/tmi.13800","article-title":"Prevalence of intestinal parasitism in preschool and school children in Colombia: Systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"27","author":"FA Pazmi\u00f1o","year":"2022","journal-title":"Trop Med Int Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"pntd.0013186.ref109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-020-8222-y","article-title":"Epidemiology of intestinal parasitic infections in preschool and school-aged Ethiopian children: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"20","author":"L Chelkeba","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"issue":"7","key":"pntd.0013186.ref110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"632","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2010.09.012","article-title":"Ascaris and ascariasis","volume":"13","author":"C Dold","year":"2011","journal-title":"Microbes Infect"},{"issue":"1","key":"pntd.0013186.ref111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1159\/000113305","article-title":"<i>Ascaris lumbricoides<\/i>: A Review of Its Epidemiology and Relationship to Other Infections","volume":"66","author":"ME Scott","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ann Nestl\u00e9 [Engl]"},{"issue":"1","key":"pntd.0013186.ref112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1186\/s12887-018-0984-3","article-title":"Prevalence and intensity of Ascaris lumbricoides infections in relation to undernutrition among children in a tea plantation community, Sri Lanka: a cross-sectional study","volume":"18","author":"LS Galgamuwa","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMC Pediatr"},{"key":"pntd.0013186.ref113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.22159\/ajpcr.2020.v13i4.36930","article-title":"Ascaris lumbricoides: epidemiology, diagnosis, treatment, and control","author":"K Al-Tameemi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Asian J Pharm Clin Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"pntd.0013186.ref114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2158656","DOI":"10.1080\/21505594.2022.2158656","article-title":"Pathogenicity and virulence of Entamoeba histolytica, the agent of amoebiasis","volume":"14","author":"N Guill\u00e9n","year":"2023","journal-title":"Virulence"},{"issue":"14","key":"pntd.0013186.ref115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11755","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms241411755","article-title":"Amoebiasis: Advances in Diagnosis, Treatment, Immunology Features and the Interaction with the Intestinal Ecosystem","volume":"24","author":"P Mor\u00e1n","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"pntd.0013186.ref116","article-title":"Intestinal amibiais: Current state of its knowledge","volume":"23","author":"C Xim\u00e9nez","year":"2007","journal-title":"Medicina Interna de Mexico"},{"key":"pntd.0013186.ref117","volume-title":"Eliminating as Public Health Problem Soil-Transmitted Helminthiases in Children: Progress Report 2001\u20132010 and Strategic Plan 2011\u20132020","author":"Helminthiases WHOS-T","year":"2012"},{"key":"pntd.0013186.ref118","volume-title":"Helminth Control in School-age Children: A Guide for Managers of Control Programmes","author":"A Montresor","year":"2008"},{"key":"pntd.0013186.ref119","first-page":"1521","article-title":"Interventions to control the impact of soil-transmitted helminths on child health and development","volume":"367","author":"S Brooker","year":"2006","journal-title":"The Lancet"},{"issue":"3","key":"pntd.0013186.ref120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1001620","article-title":"Water, sanitation, hygiene, and soil-transmitted helminth infection: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"11","author":"EC Strunz","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"pntd.0013186.ref121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"875","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.13-0237","article-title":"The impact of a school-based hygiene, water quality and sanitation intervention on soil-transmitted helminth reinfection: a cluster-randomized trial","volume":"89","author":"MC Freeman","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"issue":"1","key":"pntd.0013186.ref122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1177\/1059840514540940","article-title":"The role and impact of nurses in American elementary schools: a systematic review of the research","volume":"31","author":"MJ Lineberry","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Sch Nurs"},{"issue":"3","key":"pntd.0013186.ref123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.52291\/ijse.2023.38.37","article-title":"The Role of School Nurses in the School Inclusion of Children with Chronic Health Conditions in Greece","volume":"38","author":"M Georgiadi","year":"2023","journal-title":"IJSE"},{"issue":"1","key":"pntd.0013186.ref124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1002\/wps.21160","article-title":"The social determinants of mental health and disorder: evidence, prevention and recommendations","volume":"23","author":"JB Kirkbride","year":"2024","journal-title":"World Psychiatry"}],"updated-by":[{"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0013186","type":"new_version","label":"New version","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,30]],"date-time":"2025-06-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751241600000}}],"container-title":["PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.0013186","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,30]],"date-time":"2025-06-30T17:54:20Z","timestamp":1751306060000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.0013186"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Mar\u00eda Victoria","family":"Periago","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,25]]},"references-count":124,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,25]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.0013186","relation":{"new_version":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0013186","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["1935-2735"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1935-2735","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,25]]}}}