{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,31]],"date-time":"2025-12-31T11:10:33Z","timestamp":1767179433486,"version":"build-2238731810"},"update-to":[{"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0013262","type":"new_version","label":"New version","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,7]],"date-time":"2025-07-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751846400000}}],"reference-count":70,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,30]],"date-time":"2025-06-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751241600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosntds.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS Negl Trop Dis"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"sec018\">\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Clinical immunity to malaria has been associated with humoral immune responses targeting asexual-stage parasite proteins. However, the variability in antibody-driven responses may be influenced by genetic factors in the human host. This study aimed to evaluate the frequency of SNPs in the\n                      <jats:italic>TLR9<\/jats:italic>\n                      gene and their association with IgG antibody responses against\n                      <jats:italic>Pv<\/jats:italic>\n                      CSP variants (VK247, VK210, and V-like) and\n                      <jats:italic>Pv<\/jats:italic>\n                      MSP-1\n                      <jats:sub>19<\/jats:sub>\n                      among individuals presenting with symptomatic\n                      <jats:italic>Plasmodium vivax<\/jats:italic>\n                      infections in a malaria-endemic region of Venezuela.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec019\">\n                    <jats:title>Methodology\/Principal findings<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A cross-sectional study was conducted in Bol\u00edvar state, Venezuela, involving 210 individuals infected with\n                      <jats:italic>P. vivax<\/jats:italic>\n                      . IgG reactivity against\n                      <jats:italic>P. vivax<\/jats:italic>\n                      recombinant antigens was assessed by ELISA, and three\n                      <jats:italic>TLR9<\/jats:italic>\n                      gene SNPs (rs5743836, rs352140, and rs187084) were genotyped by PCR. The median age of individuals was 29 years, with the majority being male miners with a prior history of malaria. Over 90% of individuals exhibited IgG antibodies against the three\n                      <jats:italic>Pv<\/jats:italic>\n                      CSP variants and\n                      <jats:italic>Pv<\/jats:italic>\n                      MSP-1\n                      <jats:sub>19<\/jats:sub>\n                      . High responders to the\n                      <jats:italic>Pv<\/jats:italic>\n                      CSP variants reported fewer symptoms compared to medium (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001) and low (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001) responders. Among the analyzed SNPs, heterozygous genotypes were the most prevalent. Using an overdominant inheritance model, carrying the heterozygous genotype (T\/C) for\n                      <jats:italic>TLR9<\/jats:italic>\n                      gene SNP rs5743836 was associated with lower IgG antibody response against\n                      <jats:italic>Pv<\/jats:italic>\n                      CSP VK247 (aOR = 0.26, 95% CI\u2009=\u20090.09 to 0.73,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.0094) and\n                      <jats:italic>Pv<\/jats:italic>\n                      CSP V-like (aOR = 0.37, 95% CI\u2009=\u20090.14 to 0.99,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.047). No significant associations between inheritance models for the three SNPs and parasitemia were observed.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec020\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions\/Significance<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      These findings suggest that\n                      <jats:italic>TLR9<\/jats:italic>\n                      gene variability, particularly the heterozygous genotype for SNP rs5743836, may influence the IgG antibody response against\n                      <jats:italic>Pv<\/jats:italic>\n                      CSP VK247 and V-like. Identifying genetic traits that impact immune response development could be valuable for malaria vaccine design and implementation.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0013262","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,30]],"date-time":"2025-06-30T13:45:26Z","timestamp":1751291126000},"page":"e0013262","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["TLR9 gene polymorphism -1237T\/C (rs5743836) is associated with low IgG antibody response against PvCSP variants in symptomatic P. vivax infections in Venezuela"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4415-8646","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Fhabi\u00e1n S.","family":"Carri\u00f3n-Nessi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eva","family":"Salazar-Alcal\u00e1","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David A.","family":"Forero-Pe\u00f1a","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kellys A.","family":"Curiel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mary","family":"Lopez-Perez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6227-5884","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Mercedes","family":"Fern\u00e1ndez-Mestre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"pntd.0013262.ref001","volume-title":"World malaria report 2024","author":"WHO","year":"2024"},{"key":"pntd.0013262.ref002","first-page":"236","article-title":"Evoluci\u00f3n espacial y temporal de la malaria en el municipio Sifontes del estado Bol\u00edvar, Venezuela. 1980-2013","volume":"54","author":"JE Moreno","year":"2014","journal-title":"Bol Malariol y Sal 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