{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,23]],"date-time":"2026-07-23T16:25:12Z","timestamp":1784823912593,"version":"3.55.0"},"update-to":[{"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0013265","type":"new_version","label":"New version","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,10]],"date-time":"2025-07-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1752105600000}}],"reference-count":57,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,27]],"date-time":"2025-06-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1750982400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100016270","name":"Global Challenges Research Fund","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PV\/OP2-03\/TW under MR\/PO27873\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PV\/OP2-03\/TW under MR\/PO27873\/1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100016270","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Mr. Ahmadou Cheik Tserno","award":["NA"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NA"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosntds.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS Negl Trop Dis"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"sec021\">\n<jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Schistosomiasis is the world\u2019s second-most important parasitic disease affecting humans. Among the two main forms of the disease, intestinal schistosomiasis due to <jats:italic>Schistosoma mansoni<\/jats:italic> is predominant in Cameroon, where its intermediate host <jats:italic>Biomphalaria<\/jats:italic> spp. is widely distributed, particularly in the Adamawa plateau. As a prerequisite to targeted vector control for effective elimination of intestinal schistosomiasis infection, we mapped the geographical distribution of <jats:italic>Biomphalaria<\/jats:italic> snails in the Adamawa Region.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec022\">\n<jats:title>Methodology\/Principal findings<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>A total of 43 human-water contact sites were visited across the Adamawa Region for snail collection. Snail species were identified morphologically and with PCR-RFLP technique at the ITS2 rDNA region using the <jats:italic>Hpa<\/jats:italic>II restriction enzyme. The genus <jats:italic>Biomphalaria<\/jats:italic> was identified at 13 sites (30.2%), four sites (9,3%) harboured <jats:italic>Gyraulus<\/jats:italic> species firstly identified as <jats:italic>Biomphalaria<\/jats:italic> with shell morphology, and 22 sites (51,16%) were free from any snail species. Two <jats:italic>Biomphalaria<\/jats:italic> species were identified, <jats:italic>Biomphalaria pfeifferi<\/jats:italic> in 12 water contact sites, and <jats:italic>Biomphalaria camerunensis<\/jats:italic> was found only in one site (Djalingo, Vina Division), and it was the first report of this species in the Northern Cameroon (above the 6\u00b0 latitude North). Morphologic identification was supported by PCR-RFLP results and sequencing revealed three haplotypes for <jats:italic>Biomphalaria pfeifferi<\/jats:italic> and one haplotype for <jats:italic>Biomphalaria camerunensis<\/jats:italic>. The studied populations were stable according to neutrality tests (Tajima\u2019s <jats:italic>D<\/jats:italic> and Fu <jats:italic>Fs<\/jats:italic>) and no signal of gene flow was observed between them.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec023\">\n<jats:title>Conclusions\/Significance<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>This study confirmed the presence of <jats:italic>Biomphalaria pfeifferi<\/jats:italic> in the Adamawa Region and reported for the first time <jats:italic>B. camerunensis<\/jats:italic> above 6\u00b0 of Latitude North, thus deserving further monitoring to assess its current distribution in Cameroon.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0013265","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,27]],"date-time":"2025-06-27T13:52:22Z","timestamp":1751032342000},"page":"e0013265","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Mapping and phylogeny of Biomphalaria snail in the Adamawa Region of Cameroon: A step towards vector control and schistosomiasis elimination"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Bakari","family":"Fadilatou Foule","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mureille C.","family":"Tchami Mbagnia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Romuald I.","family":"Kamwa Ngassam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alvine C.","family":"Kengne-Fokam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fran\u00e7ois S.","family":"Ngambia Freitas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Nguiffo Nguete","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hugues C.","family":"Nana Djeunga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charles S.","family":"Wondji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5847-758X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Tito T.","family":"Melachio Tanekou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Flobert","family":"Njiokou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,27]]},"reference":[{"issue":"10","key":"pntd.0013265.ref001","article-title":"Schistosomiasis Control in Ethiopia: The Role of Snail Mapping in Endemic Communities","volume":"7","author":"A Meleko","year":"2022","journal-title":"Trop Med Infect Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"pntd.0013265.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-020-04163-6","article-title":"Environmental and biotic factors affecting freshwater snail intermediate hosts in the ethiopian rift valley region","volume":"13","author":"BK Olkeba","year":"2020","journal-title":"Parasit Vectors"},{"issue":"7","key":"pntd.0013265.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(06)70521-7","article-title":"Schistosomiasis and water resources development: systematic review, meta-analysis, and estimates of people at risk","volume":"6","author":"P Steinmann","year":"2006","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"pntd.0013265.ref004","first-page":"613","volume-title":"Faune malacologique du Cameroun (description, re\u0301partition des mollusques dulc\u0327aquicoles et foyers de tre\u0301matodoses humaines)","author":"A Same Ekobo","year":"1984"},{"issue":"6","key":"pntd.0013265.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1990.42.561","article-title":"Human schistosomiasis in Cameroon. 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