{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,23]],"date-time":"2026-06-23T05:08:11Z","timestamp":1782191291354,"version":"3.54.5"},"update-to":[{"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0013303","type":"new_version","label":"New version","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,23]],"date-time":"2025-12-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1766448000000}}],"reference-count":81,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,16]],"date-time":"2025-12-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1765843200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000265","name":"Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MR\/P024084\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MR\/P024084\/1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000265","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000265","name":"Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MR\/T029781\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MR\/T029781\/1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000265","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006181","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Amparo \u00e0 Pesquisa do Estado da Bahia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["10206\/2015"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["10206\/2015"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006181","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003593","name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["442631\/2023-5"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["442631\/2023-5"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003593","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003593","name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["14\/2023"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["14\/2023"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003593","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003593","name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["09\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["09\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003593","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010269","name":"Wellcome Trust","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["218987\/Z\/19\/Z"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["218987\/Z\/19\/Z"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010269","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosntds.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS Negl Trop Dis"],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>Toxoplasma gondii<\/jats:italic>\n                    is a globally neglected zoonotic parasite, particularly prevalent in socioeconomically vulnerable areas. Various animal species serve as reservoirs for\n                    <jats:italic>T. gondii<\/jats:italic>\n                    across different regions, including domestic cats, livestock, and a variety of wild and synanthropic animals. In urban areas, especially informal settlements, the close coexistence of humans, domestic animals, and wildlife may influence local transmission dynamics. This study evaluated the seroprevalence and associated risk factors for\n                    <jats:italic>T. gondii<\/jats:italic>\n                    infection in domestic and synanthropic animals from two low-income neighborhoods in Salvador, Brazil. A cross-sectional study was conducted in the neighborhoods of Marechal Rondon and Pau da Lima from October 2021 to February 2023. Blood samples were collected from domestic animals (288 dogs, 112 cats, 27 chickens, and six horses) and synanthropic species (54 brown rats and 75 big-eared opossums). Serological tests were performed using an indirect immunofluorescence antibody test. Questionnaires were used to collect environmental, demographic, and socioeconomic data from households where sampling took place. Generalized linear mixed models were applied to identify predictors of exposure. Seroprevalence was highest in chickens (66.7%), followed by dogs (37.2%), rats (24.1%), cats (22.3%), opossums (20%), and horses (16.7%). No significant factors were found to be associated with\n                    <jats:italic>T. gondii<\/jats:italic>\n                    seroprevalence in chickens, horses, rats, or opossums. Nevertheless, in dogs and cats, homemade diets increased the odds of infection by nearly six times compared to commercial feeding. Dogs from Pau da Lima were twice as likely to be infected as those from Marechal Rondon. These findings underscore the importance of promoting safe pet management, improving sanitation, and monitoring sentinel species to mitigate zoonotic risks in urban informal settlements.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0013303","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,16]],"date-time":"2025-12-16T18:35:57Z","timestamp":1765910157000},"page":"e0013303","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Seroprevalence and risk factors for Toxoplasma gondii infection in wild, domestic and companion animals in urban informal settlements from Salvador, Brazil"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5043-8404","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Leonela","family":"Bazan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hern\u00e1n Dar\u00edo","family":"Argibay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wal\u00e9ria","family":"Borges-Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lu\u00eds Fernando","family":"Pita Gondim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tha\u00eds Auxiliadora","family":"dos Santos Mattos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juliete Oliveira","family":"Santana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eduardo Mendes","family":"da Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Begon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hussein","family":"Khalil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6951-2336","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Federico","family":"Costa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ianei","family":"de Oliveira Carneiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,16]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"pntd.0013303.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"644","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268813001507","article-title":"Congenital toxoplasmosis in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil: a neglected infectious disease?","volume":"142","author":"EVM Carellos","year":"2014","journal-title":"Epidemiol Infect"},{"issue":"2","key":"pntd.0013303.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0212375","article-title":"Socioeconomic vulnerability associated to Toxoplasma gondii exposure in southern Brazil","volume":"14","author":"M Mareze","year":"2019","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"7","key":"pntd.0013303.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"815","DOI":"10.1586\/eri.12.58","article-title":"Toxoplasmosis in the fetus and newborn: an update on prevalence, diagnosis and treatment","volume":"10","author":"PA Moncada","year":"2012","journal-title":"Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther"},{"issue":"4","key":"pntd.0013303.ref004","first-page":"898","article-title":"Global status of Toxoplasma gondii infection: systematic review and prevalence snapshots","volume":"36","author":"A Molan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Trop Biomed"},{"issue":"11","key":"pntd.0013303.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1375","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182012000765","article-title":"Toxoplasmosis in humans and animals in Brazil: high prevalence, high burden of disease, and epidemiology","volume":"139","author":"JP Dubey","year":"2012","journal-title":"Parasitology"},{"key":"pntd.0013303.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1217","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020-7519(00)00124-7","article-title":"Toxoplasma gondii: from animals to humans","volume":"30","author":"AM Tenter","year":"2000","journal-title":"Int J Parasitol"},{"key":"pntd.0013303.ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-815041-2.00001-3","article-title":"Chapter 1 - The history and life cycle of Toxoplasma gondii.","volume-title":"Toxoplasma gondii (Third Edition)","author":"JP. 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