{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T08:08:14Z","timestamp":1789459694025,"version":"build-2803163510"},"update-to":[{"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0013382","type":"new_version","label":"New version","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,12]],"date-time":"2025-08-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754956800000}}],"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,6]],"date-time":"2025-08-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754438400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Europen Commission","award":["EULACH16\/T02-0067"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EULACH16\/T02-0067"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100021856","name":"Ministero dell'Universit\u00c3\u00a0 e della Ricerca","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Ricerca Corrente\u2013L2"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Ricerca Corrente\u2013L2"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100021856","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100021856","name":"Ministero dell'Universit\u00c3\u00a0 e della Ricerca","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Ricerca Corrente\u2013L2"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Ricerca Corrente\u2013L2"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100021856","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosntds.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS Negl Trop Dis"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"sec001\">\n<jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Cystic echinococcosis (CE) is mainly described as a food\/waterborne zoonosis. However, evidence about matrices contamination is scarce. Identifying main transmission routes could optimize health messages aiming to prevent ingestion of parasite eggs. We evaluated <jats:italic><jats:italic>Echinococcus granulosus<\/jats:italic><\/jats:italic> contamination of matrices in two areas of Chile and Peru.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec002\">\n<jats:title>Methodology\/principal findings<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>In stage 1, areas with high active CE prevalence were identified through cross-sectional ultrasound surveys. Stage 2 was a case-control study encompassing matrices sampling in public places and households with and without CE cases in these areas, followed by (stage 3), matrices processing by sequential sieving and <jats:italic><jats:italic>E. granulosus<\/jats:italic><\/jats:italic> detection by PCR. Bayesian multilevel mixed-effects logistic regression analysis was used to identify factors associated with risk of contamination. In households, soil (19%-42%); dogs\u2019 fur (10%-30%); shoes\u2019 soles (5%-33%); and dogs\u2019 feces (0\u201350%) were highly contaminated. In public areas,\u2009~\u200930% of fecal and soil samples were contaminated. Overall, matrices from public areas were more contaminated than those from households. When examining households, there was no difference in risk of contamination according to presence of CE cases, while CE-free households had lower risk when considering households and public areas. There was no difference in risk of contamination according to matrix. Vegetables were PCR-negative.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec003\">\n<jats:title>Conclusions\/significance<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Results suggest the need for a paradigm-shift towards considering CE an environmental-borne infection with a \u201ccommunity risk\u201d to which people are exposed.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0013382","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,6]],"date-time":"2025-08-06T17:42:24Z","timestamp":1754502144000},"page":"e0013382","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Community risk of environmental-borne cystic echinococcosis transmission in South America: Results from the multistep cross-sectional and case-control PERITAS study"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Gerardo","family":"Acosta-Jamett","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesca","family":"Tamarozzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Natalia","family":"Castro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Saul J.","family":"Santivanez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raul Enriquez","family":"Laurente","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cristina","family":"Mazzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cristian A.","family":"Alvarez-Rojas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9183-7591","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Adriano","family":"Casulli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"pntd.0013382.ref001","unstructured":"Available from: https:\/\/www.who.int\/news-room\/fact-sheets\/detail\/echinococcosis. 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Daily egg-production of dogs infected with Echinococcus granulosus. XV Extraordinary congress for the celebration of the 50 years of the AIH, Rome, November 4-8. 1991; p. 321\u20138."},{"key":"pntd.0013382.ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1016\/S0065-308X(08)60464-9","article-title":"Hydatidosis and cysticercosis: the dynamics of transmission","volume":"22","author":"JR Lawson","year":"1983","journal-title":"Adv Parasitol"},{"key":"pntd.0013382.ref009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1016\/bs.apar.2016.09.006","article-title":"The echinococcoses: diagnosis, clinical management and burden of disease","volume":"96","author":"P Kern","year":"2017","journal-title":"Adv Parasitol"},{"issue":"9","key":"pntd.0013382.ref010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pt.2006.07.003","article-title":"Hydatid cysts: does every picture tell a story?","volume":"22","author":"MT Rogan","year":"2006","journal-title":"Trends Parasitol"},{"key":"pntd.0013382.ref011","first-page":"302","article-title":"Multicriteria-based ranking for risk management of food-borne parasites. 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