{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,11]],"date-time":"2026-04-11T07:01:50Z","timestamp":1775890910380,"version":"3.50.1"},"update-to":[{"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0013419","type":"new_version","label":"New version","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,21]],"date-time":"2025-11-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1763683200000}}],"reference-count":63,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,18]],"date-time":"2025-11-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1763424000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003762","name":"Institut Pasteur","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003762","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000774","name":"Defense Threat Reduction Agency","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["HDTRA1-22-C-0013"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HDTRA1-22-C-0013"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000774","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosntds.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS Negl Trop Dis"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"sec001\">\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:italic>Burkholderia pseudomallei<\/jats:italic>\n                      (Bp), the causative agent of melioidosis, poses a significant health risk in endemic regions. This study aimed to characterize six previously identified Bp antigens for exposure monitoring in potential endemic setting of Madagascar and to assess potential exposure and reactivity across Madagascar to inform diagnostic strategies and understand regional exposure patterns.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec002\">\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Six highly reactive Bp antigens, CPS I, LPS types A and B, HCP1, AhpC, and GroEL, were characterized using the protein BLAST (BLASTp) algorithm against the NCBI non-redundant protein database to evaluate conservation and specificity. Serological reactivity was analyzed in 5,736 serum samples from six regions of Madagascar using Luminex bead-based multiplex assays. Principal Component Analysis was conducted to identify co-reactivity patterns. Environmental sampling in Mahajanga assessed the presence of Bp DNA in soil and water samples via real-time PCR.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec003\">\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Antigen conservation varied, with HCP1 and CPS I demonstrating the highest specificity, suggesting their potential for targeted serological detection. Seroprevalence and co-seroprevalence were highest in the Mahajanga region, particularly for HCP1 and CPS I (p\u2009&lt;\u20090.0001). PCA revealed distinct antigen-specific immune response profiles. Environmental sampling confirmed the presence of Bp DNA in a water sample from Mahajanga, indicating local bacterial presence in the environment.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec004\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>These findings suggest human exposure to Bp occurs in multiple regions in Madagascar. HCP1 and CPS I emerged as promising targets for diagnostic applications, and environmental detection of Bp underscores the need for targeted public health interventions in higher-risk regions like Mahajanga.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0013419","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,18]],"date-time":"2025-11-18T18:33:57Z","timestamp":1763490837000},"page":"e0013419","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Evidence of populational Burkholderia pseudomallei exposure in Madagascar"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Solohery Lalaina","family":"Razafimahatratra","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sarobidy Tsiory","family":"Avotra Andrianambinintsoa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lova Tsikiniaina","family":"Rasoloharimanana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Minoarisoa","family":"Rajerison","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Voahangy","family":"Rasolofo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carina M.","family":"Hall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kimberly R.","family":"Celona","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jinhee","family":"Yi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paul","family":"Keim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David M.","family":"Wagner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Erik W.","family":"Settles","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8928-8669","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Matthieu","family":"Schoenhals","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"pntd.0013419.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17107","DOI":"10.1038\/nrdp.2017.107","article-title":"Melioidosis","volume":"4","author":"WJ Wiersinga","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat Rev Dis Primers"},{"issue":"2","key":"pntd.0013419.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyi271","article-title":"Extreme weather events and environmental contamination are associated with case-clusters of melioidosis in the Northern Territory of Australia","volume":"35","author":"AC Cheng","year":"2006","journal-title":"Int J Epidemiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"pntd.0013419.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2002.121891","article-title":"Melioidosis caused by Burkholderia pseudomallei in drinking water, Thailand, 2012","volume":"20","author":"D Limmathurotsakul","year":"2014","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"issue":"9","key":"pntd.0013419.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"861","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2116130","article-title":"Multistate Outbreak of Melioidosis Associated with Imported Aromatherapy Spray","volume":"386","author":"JE Gee","year":"2022","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"8","key":"pntd.0013419.ref005","article-title":"Whole-genome sequencing to investigate a non-clonal melioidosis cluster on a remote Australian island","volume":"3","author":"DS Sarovich","year":"2017","journal-title":"Microb Genom"},{"issue":"4","key":"pntd.0013419.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1144","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.03453-14","article-title":"Tracing melioidosis back to the source: using whole-genome sequencing to investigate an outbreak originating from a contaminated domestic water supply","volume":"53","author":"E McRobb","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"issue":"12","key":"pntd.0013419.ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1737","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(21)00022-0","article-title":"The Darwin Prospective Melioidosis Study: a 30-year prospective, observational investigation","volume":"21","author":"BJ Currie","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"pntd.0013419.ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100118","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lansea.2022.100118","article-title":"Characteristics and One Year Outcomes of Melioidosis Patients in Northeastern Thailand: A Prospective, Multicenter Cohort Study","volume":"9","author":"N Chantratita","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lancet Reg Health Southeast Asia"},{"key":"pntd.0013419.ref009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15008","DOI":"10.1038\/nmicrobiol.2015.8","article-title":"Predicted global distribution of Burkholderia pseudomallei and burden of melioidosis","volume":"1","author":"D Limmathurotsakul","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat Microbiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"pntd.0013419.ref010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/nmicrobiol.2015.8","article-title":"Predicted global distribution of Burkholderia pseudomallei and burden of melioidosis","volume":"1","author":"D Limmathurotsakul","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat Microbiol"},{"issue":"6","key":"pntd.0013419.ref011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.1097\/QCO.0000000000000869","article-title":"Melioidosis and Burkholderia pseudomallei\u00a0: progress in epidemiology, diagnosis, treatment and vaccination","volume":"35","author":"BJ Currie","year":"2022","journal-title":"Curr Opin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"9","key":"pntd.0013419.ref012","article-title":"Burkholderia pseudomallei, the causative agent of melioidosis, is rare but ecologically established and widely dispersed in the environment in Puerto Rico","volume":"13","author":"CM Hall","year":"2019","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"issue":"25","key":"pntd.0013419.ref013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2355","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2306448","article-title":"Locally Acquired Melioidosis Linked to Environment - Mississippi, 2020-2023","volume":"389","author":"JK Petras","year":"2023","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"pntd.0013419.ref014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"362","DOI":"10.1186\/s13256-023-04093-8","article-title":"Emergence of melioidosis in Brazil: a case series","volume":"17","author":"DS Vel\u00f4so","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Med Case Rep"},{"issue":"11","key":"pntd.0013419.ref015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(25)00317-1","article-title":"Melioidosis in Mali: a retrospective observational study","volume":"13","author":"S Lichtenegger","year":"2025","journal-title":"Lancet Glob Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"pntd.0013419.ref016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1101.040605","article-title":"Melioidosis in Mauritius","volume":"11","author":"MI Issack","year":"2005","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"issue":"12","key":"pntd.0013419.ref017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0006018","article-title":"Emergence of melioidosis in the Indian Ocean region: Two new cases and a literature review","volume":"11","author":"N Allou","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"pntd.0013419.ref018","first-page":"11","volume-title":"First identification of Burkholderia pseudomallei in Seychelles. Proceedings of the 1st International Forum Public Health Surveillance and Response in Island Territories","author":"J Bibi","year":"2013"},{"key":"pntd.0013419.ref019","first-page":"712","article-title":"Can pigs be a healthy carrier of Whitmore\u2019s bacillus","volume":"29","author":"G Girard","year":"1936","journal-title":"Bull Soc Pathol Exot Filiales"},{"key":"pntd.0013419.ref020","first-page":"375","article-title":"A review of melioidosis worldwide","volume":"75","author":"M Gallimand","year":"1982","journal-title":"Bull Soc Pathol Exot"},{"issue":"1","key":"pntd.0013419.ref021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.3390\/tropicalmed3010030","article-title":"Melioidosis in the Western Indian Ocean and the Importance of Improving Diagnosis, Surveillance, and Molecular Typing","volume":"3","author":"A Rakotondrasoa","year":"2018","journal-title":"Trop Med Infect Dis"},{"issue":"2","key":"pntd.0013419.ref022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.18.2.383-416.2005","article-title":"Melioidosis: epidemiology, pathophysiology, and management","volume":"18","author":"AC Cheng","year":"2005","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev"},{"key":"pntd.0013419.ref023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cheng AC, O\u2019Brien MJ, Freeman K, Lum G, Currie BJ. Indirect hemagglutination assay in patients with melioidosis in northern Australia. 2006.","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2006.74.330"},{"issue":"6","key":"pntd.0013419.ref024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"924","DOI":"10.1128\/CVI.00026-09","article-title":"Clinical features that affect indirect-hemagglutination-assay responses to Burkholderia pseudomallei","volume":"16","author":"PNA Harris","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clin Vaccine Immunol"},{"issue":"8","key":"pntd.0013419.ref025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.00346-18","article-title":"A Rapid Immunochromatography Test Based on Hcp1 Is a Potential Point-of-Care Test for Serological Diagnosis of Melioidosis","volume":"56","author":"P Phokrai","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"pntd.0013419.ref026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0005499","article-title":"Comparison of O-polysaccharide and hemolysin co-regulated protein as target antigens for serodiagnosis of melioidosis","volume":"11","author":"A Pumpuang","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"issue":"3","key":"pntd.0013419.ref027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"542","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.15-0114","article-title":"Evaluation of Polysaccharide-Based Latex Agglutination Assays for the Rapid Detection of Antibodies to Burkholderia pseudomallei","volume":"93","author":"V Suttisunhakul","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"issue":"3","key":"pntd.0013419.ref028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2013.07.009","article-title":"Improved diagnosis of melioidosis using a 2-dimensional immunoarray","volume":"77","author":"AE Sorenson","year":"2013","journal-title":"Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis"},{"issue":"7","key":"pntd.0013419.ref029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0004847","article-title":"Rapid and Sensitive Multiplex Detection of Burkholderia pseudomallei-Specific Antibodies in Melioidosis Patients Based on a Protein Microarray Approach","volume":"10","author":"C Kohler","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"issue":"11","key":"pntd.0013419.ref030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0009840","article-title":"Evaluation of antigen-detecting and antibody-detecting diagnostic test combinations for diagnosing melioidosis","volume":"15","author":"P Amornchai","year":"2021","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"issue":"39","key":"pntd.0013419.ref031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8878","DOI":"10.1039\/C9OB01711A","article-title":"Melioidosis patient serum-reactive synthetic tetrasaccharides bearing the predominant epitopes of Burkholderia pseudomallei and Burkholderia mallei O-antigens","volume":"17","author":"M Cloutier","year":"2019","journal-title":"Org Biomol Chem"},{"issue":"5","key":"pntd.0013419.ref032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1259","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.02856-15","article-title":"Development of Rapid Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assays for Detection of Antibodies to Burkholderia pseudomallei","volume":"54","author":"V Suttisunhakul","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"pntd.0013419.ref033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13972","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-48828-4","article-title":"Distinct classes and subclasses of antibodies to hemolysin co-regulated protein 1 and O-polysaccharide and correlation with clinical characteristics of melioidosis patients","volume":"9","author":"A Pumpuang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"4","key":"pntd.0013419.ref034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1039","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.17-0885","article-title":"Retrospective Analysis of Fever and Sepsis Patients from Cambodia Reveals Serological Evidence of Melioidosis","volume":"98","author":"V Suttisunhakul","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"issue":"5","key":"pntd.0013419.ref035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1300","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.17-0791","article-title":"Use of Rapid Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assays for Serological Screening of Melioidosis in Myanmar","volume":"98","author":"ZZ Win","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"issue":"2","key":"pntd.0013419.ref036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0011072","article-title":"Development and evaluation of a multiplex serodiagnostic bead assay (BurkPx) for accurate melioidosis diagnosis","volume":"17","author":"EW Settles","year":"2023","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"pntd.0013419.ref037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103419","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2021.103419","article-title":"SARS-CoV-2 antibody seroprevalence follow-up in Malagasy blood donors during the 2020 COVID-19 Epidemic","volume":"68","author":"M Schoenhals","year":"2021","journal-title":"EBioMedicine"},{"issue":"10","key":"pntd.0013419.ref038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(21)00361-2","article-title":"Seroprevalence of ancestral and Beta SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in Malagasy blood donors","volume":"9","author":"SL Razafimahatratra","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet Glob Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"pntd.0013419.ref039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jiph.2023.11.020","article-title":"Multiple SARS-CoV-2 immunizations of an unvaccinated population lead to complex immunity. A T cell reactivity study of blood donors in Antananarivo","volume":"17","author":"SL Razafimahatratra","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Infect Public Health"},{"key":"pntd.0013419.ref040","unstructured":"Qui peut donner son sang? n.d. [accessed April 17, 2025]. https:\/\/www.who.int\/fr\/campaigns\/world-blood-donor-day\/2020\/who-can-give-blood"},{"issue":"3","key":"pntd.0013419.ref041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0002105","article-title":"Systematic review and consensus guidelines for environmental sampling of Burkholderia pseudomallei","volume":"7","author":"D Limmathurotsakul","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"issue":"2","key":"pntd.0013419.ref042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0011067","article-title":"NHP BurkPx: A multiplex serodiagnostic bead assay to monitor Burkholderia pseudomallei exposures in non-human primates","volume":"17","author":"KR Celona","year":"2023","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"pntd.0013419.ref043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Altschup SF, Gish W, Miller W, Myers EW, Lipman DJ. Basic Local Alignment Search Tool. 1990;215.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-2836(05)80360-2"},{"key":"pntd.0013419.ref044","unstructured":"Holden MTG, Titball RW, Peacock SJ, Cerde\u00f1 O-T\u00e1 RR, Rraga AM, Atkins T, et al. Genomic plasticity of the causative agent of melioidosis, Burkholderia pseudomallei. 2004."},{"issue":"9","key":"pntd.0013419.ref045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3348","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.63.9.3348-3352.1995","article-title":"Structural characterization of the lipopolysaccharide O antigens of Burkholderia pseudomallei","volume":"63","author":"MB Perry","year":"1995","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"issue":"18","key":"pntd.0013419.ref046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5663","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.179.18.5663-5669.1997","article-title":"Characterization of the capsular polysaccharide of Burkholderia (Pseudomonas) pseudomallei 304b","volume":"179","author":"H Masoud","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Bacteriol"},{"key":"pntd.0013419.ref047","unstructured":"Gaussian Mixture - an overview | ScienceDirect Topics n.d. [accessed November 15, 2024]. https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/topics\/computer-science\/gaussian-mixture"},{"key":"pntd.0013419.ref048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ye J, Coulouris G, Zaretskaya I, Cutcutache I, Rozen S, Madden TL. Primer-BLAST: A tool to design target-specific primers for polymerase chain reaction. 2012.","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2105-13-134"},{"issue":"1","key":"pntd.0013419.ref049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.44.1.85-90.2006","article-title":"Development and evaluation of a real-time PCR assay targeting the type III secretion system of Burkholderia pseudomallei","volume":"44","author":"RT Novak","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"issue":"8","key":"pntd.0013419.ref050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.00346-18","article-title":"A Rapid Immunochromatography Test Based on Hcp1 Is a Potential Point-of-Care Test for Serological Diagnosis of Melioidosis","volume":"56","author":"P Phokrai","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"pntd.0013419.ref051","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/spectrum.00765-22","article-title":"Detection and Quantification of the Capsular Polysaccharide of Burkholderia pseudomallei in Serum and Urine Samples from Melioidosis Patients","volume":"10","author":"HL DeMers","year":"2022","journal-title":"Microbiol Spectr"},{"issue":"3","key":"pntd.0013419.ref052","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0005499","article-title":"Comparison of O-polysaccharide and hemolysin co-regulated protein as target antigens for serodiagnosis of melioidosis","volume":"11","author":"A Pumpuang","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"issue":"12","key":"pntd.0013419.ref053","first-page":"568","article-title":"Sensitivity and specificity of a lateral flow immunoassay (LFI) in serum samples for diagnosis of melioidosis","volume":"112","author":"G Wongsuvan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg"},{"issue":"20","key":"pntd.0013419.ref054","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7243","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.05048-11","article-title":"Groundwater seeps facilitate exposure to Burkholderia pseudomallei","volume":"77","author":"A Baker","year":"2011","journal-title":"Appl Environ Microbiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"pntd.0013419.ref055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8674","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-26684-y","article-title":"Rivers as carriers and potential sentinels for Burkholderia pseudomallei in Laos","volume":"8","author":"RE Zimmermann","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"5","key":"pntd.0013419.ref056","article-title":"Geographical distribution of Burkholderia pseudomallei in soil in Myanmar","volume":"15","author":"MMM Swe","year":"2021","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"pntd.0013419.ref057","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"356","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2020.09.934","article-title":"Isolation, identification and distribution of environmental Burkholderia pseudomallei isolates in districts of Kelantan, Malaysia","volume":"101","author":"SM Mohd Adib","year":"2020","journal-title":"International Journal of Infectious Diseases"},{"key":"pntd.0013419.ref058","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"902996","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2022.902996","article-title":"Environmental Factors Associated With Soil Prevalence of the Melioidosis Pathogen Burkholderia pseudomallei: A Longitudinal Seasonal Study From South West India","volume":"13","author":"T Shaw","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Microbiol"},{"issue":"11","key":"pntd.0013419.ref059","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"926","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens13110926","article-title":"The Evolving Global Epidemiology of Human Melioidosis: A Narrative Review","volume":"13","author":"FF Norman","year":"2024","journal-title":"Pathogens"},{"key":"pntd.0013419.ref060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1099\/00207713-48-1-317","article-title":"Burkholderia thailandensis sp. nov., a Burkholderia pseudomallei-like species","author":"PJ Brett","year":"1998","journal-title":"Int J Syst Bacteriol"},{"issue":"12","key":"pntd.0013419.ref061","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5252","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00824-09","article-title":"Role for the Burkholderia pseudomallei capsular polysaccharide encoded by the wcb operon in acute disseminated melioidosis","volume":"77","author":"JM Warawa","year":"2009","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"pntd.0013419.ref062","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"566","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2164-9-566","article-title":"Genomic islands from five strains of Burkholderia pseudomallei","volume":"9","author":"A Tuanyok","year":"2008","journal-title":"BMC Genomics"},{"issue":"10","key":"pntd.0013419.ref063","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1420","DOI":"10.1128\/CVI.00472-08","article-title":"Structural and biological diversity of lipopolysaccharides from Burkholderia pseudomallei and Burkholderia thailandensis","volume":"16","author":"V Novem","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clin Vaccine Immunol"}],"updated-by":[{"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0013419","type":"new_version","label":"New version","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,21]],"date-time":"2025-11-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1763683200000}}],"container-title":["PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.0013419","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,21]],"date-time":"2025-11-21T18:58:18Z","timestamp":1763751498000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.0013419"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Elsio A","family":"Wunder Jr","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"editor","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,18]]},"references-count":63,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,18]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.0013419","relation":{},"ISSN":["1935-2735"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1935-2735","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,18]]}}}