{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T18:53:51Z","timestamp":1790880831050,"version":"4.1.0"},"update-to":[{"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0013433","type":"new_version","label":"New version","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,25]],"date-time":"2025-08-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756080000000}}],"reference-count":97,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,18]],"date-time":"2025-08-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1755475200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Marie Sk\u00c5\u201aodowska-Curie Actions programme","award":["Project RCN 242718, grant ID 101062347"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Project RCN 242718, grant ID 101062347"]}]},{"name":"APOSTD\/2022","award":["CIAPOS\/2021\/134"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CIAPOS\/2021\/134"]}]},{"name":"Fondo para la Investigaci\u00c3\u00b3n Cient\u00c3fica y Tecnol\u00c3\u00b3gica (FONCYT), Agencia Nacional de Promoci\u00c3\u00b3n Cient\u00c3fica y Tecnol\u00c3\u00b3gica (ANPCyT)","award":["PICT-2017-1361"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PICT-2017-1361"]}]},{"name":"Subprograma Estatal de Generaci\u00c3\u00b3n de Conocimiento de la Acci\u00c3\u00b3n Estrat\u00c3\u00a9gica en Salud (AES) y Fondos FEDER, Plan Estatal de Investigaci\u00c3\u00b3n Cient\u00c3fica y T\u00c3\u00a9cnica y de Innovaci\u00c3\u00b3n, ISCIII-MINECO","award":["Health Research Project PI16\/00520"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Health Research Project PI16\/00520"]}]},{"name":"CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas, ISCIII, Ministry of Science and Education","award":["CB21\/13\/00056"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CB21\/13\/00056"]}]},{"name":"Programa PROMETEO de Ayudas para Grupos de Investigaci\u00c3\u00b3n de Excelencia, Generalitat Valenciana","award":["2021\/004"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021\/004"]}]},{"name":"VII Convocatoria de Proyectos de Cooperaci\u00c3\u00b3n al Desarrollo 2024, University of Valencia","award":["2024\/12"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024\/12"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosntds.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS Negl Trop Dis"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The impact of global warming on the transmission of fascioliasis, a highly pathogenic zoonotic snail-borne disease, was already highlighted during the 2010\u2019s. However, since then, only a few studies have tried to relate the climatic change with the uprise of outbreaks in endemic areas of animal or human fascioliasis. This might be because assessing the consequences of a changing climate on the spread of fascioliasis is extremely challenging, as it presents the widest latitudinal, longitudinal and altitudinal distribution known for a snail-borne disease. In the Americas, where it is only caused by <jats:italic>Fasciola hepatica<\/jats:italic>, the disease is widespread throughout the continent, except in its southernmost extremity in the Patagonia region, which was believed to be due to the too low temperatures. Though, recent empirical evidence indicates an ongoing spread of the disease into more southern latitudes. The present study aims to assess the long-term evolution of climate change factors and forecast indices throughout this extreme South American region to conclude whether their impact might have been the cause of the southward expansion of the fascioliasis endemic area. The use of seasonal-trend decomposition analyses and of spatial interpolation techniques demonstrated a remarkable climatic change in the Patagonia region allowing to clarify the southern spread of the disease. This is the first study highlighting a clear link between the consequences of a changing climate and the spread of a fascioliasis endemic area and its transmission risk to extreme latitudes. Moreover, it provides some crucial recommendations and concerns regarding the application and interpretation of two widely applied climatic forecast indices. If current climate trends persist, this geographical expansion is expected to progress further. These findings not only provide critical insight into local disease dynamics but also underscore the broader implications of climate-driven changes in the distribution of snail-borne diseases globally.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0013433","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,18]],"date-time":"2025-08-18T17:54:56Z","timestamp":1755539696000},"page":"e0013433","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Impact of climate change on the spread of fascioliasis into the extreme south of South America"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6699-7382","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Pablo Fernando","family":"Cuervo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roberto","family":"Mera y Sierra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patricio","family":"Artigas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mar\u00eda Cecilia","family":"Fantozzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mar\u00eda Dolores","family":"Bargues","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Santiago","family":"Mas-Coma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,18]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"pntd.0013433.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/cmr.00088-19","article-title":"Human and Animal Fascioliasis: Origins and Worldwide Evolving Scenario","volume":"35","author":"S Mas-Coma","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev"},{"key":"pntd.0013433.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-60121-7_5","article-title":"Fascioliasis.","author":"S Mas-Coma","year":"2024","journal-title":"Digenetic trematodes"},{"issue":"11","key":"pntd.0013433.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"913","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2021.02.006","article-title":"The influence of liver fluke infection on production in sheep and cattle: a meta-analysis","volume":"51","author":"AD Hayward","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Parasitol"},{"key":"pntd.0013433.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2017.03.018","article-title":"Economic assessment of Ostertagia ostertagi and Fasciola hepatica infections in dairy cattle herds in Germany using Paracalc\u00ae","volume":"240","author":"J Fanke","year":"2017","journal-title":"Vet Parasitol"},{"issue":"7","key":"pntd.0013433.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1981","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-017-5481-3","article-title":"Associations between fasciolosis and milk production, and the impact of anthelmintic treatment in dairy herds","volume":"116","author":"K K\u00f6stenberger","year":"2017","journal-title":"Parasitol Res"},{"key":"pntd.0013433.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-7091-1422-3_7","volume-title":"Fascioliasis. Neglected Tropical Diseases - Latin America and the Caribbean","author":"S Mas-Coma","year":"2015"},{"key":"pntd.0013433.ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100869","DOI":"10.1016\/j.onehlt.2024.100869","article-title":"A multidisciplinary analysis of over 53,000 fascioliasis patients along the 1995-2019 countrywide spread in Vietnam defines a new epidemiological baseline for One Health approaches","volume":"19","author":"NV De","year":"2024","journal-title":"One Health"},{"key":"pntd.0013433.ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-800099-1.00002-8","article-title":"Neurological and ocular fascioliasis in humans","volume":"84","author":"S Mas-Coma","year":"2014","journal-title":"Adv Parasitol"},{"key":"pntd.0013433.ref009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"272","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2013.04.008","article-title":"Immunomodulatory molecules of Fasciola hepatica: candidates for both vaccine and immunotherapeutic development","volume":"195","author":"JP Dalton","year":"2013","journal-title":"Vet Parasitol"},{"issue":"10","key":"pntd.0013433.ref010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1504","DOI":"10.1086\/514822","article-title":"Immune suppression in advanced chronic fascioliasis: an experimental study in a rat model","volume":"195","author":"N Giron\u00e8s","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"pntd.0013433.ref011","volume-title":"Ending the neglect to attain the sustainable development goals: a road map for neglected tropical diseases 2021-2030","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2021"},{"key":"pntd.0013433.ref012","volume-title":"Accelerating work to overcome the global impact of neglected tropical diseases - A roadmap for implementation","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2012"},{"key":"pntd.0013433.ref013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1016\/S0065-308X(09)69002-3","article-title":"Chapter 2. Fasciola, lymnaeids and human fascioliasis, with a global overview on disease transmission, epidemiology, evolutionary genetics, molecular epidemiology and control","volume":"69","author":"S Mas-Coma","year":"2009","journal-title":"Adv Parasitol"},{"issue":"2","key":"pntd.0013433.ref014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.4081\/gh.2014.22","article-title":"Impact of climate change and man-made irrigation systems on the transmission risk, long-term trend and seasonality of human and animal fascioliasis in Pakistan","volume":"8","author":"K Afshan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Geospat Health"},{"issue":"2","key":"pntd.0013433.ref015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.4081\/gh.2015.354","article-title":"Outbreak of acute fasciolosis in sheep farms in a Mediterranean area arising as a possible consequence of climate change","volume":"9","author":"A Bosco","year":"2015","journal-title":"Geospat Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"pntd.0013433.ref016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"434","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-024-06514-z","article-title":"Global warming induced spread of the highest human fascioliasis hyperendemic area","volume":"17","author":"PF Cuervo","year":"2024","journal-title":"Parasit Vectors"},{"issue":"4","key":"pntd.0013433.ref017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2009.03.024","article-title":"Climate change effects on trematodiases, with emphasis on zoonotic fascioliasis and schistosomiasis","volume":"163","author":"S Mas-Coma","year":"2009","journal-title":"Vet Parasitol"},{"issue":"2","key":"pntd.0013433.ref018","first-page":"443","article-title":"Effects of climate change on animal and zoonotic helminthiases","volume":"27","author":"S Mas-Coma","year":"2008","journal-title":"Rev Sci Tech"},{"issue":"1","key":"pntd.0013433.ref019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7134","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-06948-9","article-title":"Systematic assessment of the climate sensitivity of important human and domestic animals pathogens in Europe","volume":"7","author":"KM McIntyre","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"9","key":"pntd.0013433.ref020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2495","DOI":"10.3390\/ani11092495","article-title":"DNA multi-marker genotyping and CIAS morphometric phenotyping of Fasciola gigantica-Sized Flukes from Ecuador, with an Analysis of the Radix absence in the New World and the Evolutionary Lymnaeid Snail Vector Filter","volume":"11","author":"MD Bargues","year":"2021","journal-title":"Animals (Basel)"},{"issue":"8","key":"pntd.0013433.ref021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"650","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pt.2023.05.009","article-title":"One Health for fascioliasis control in human endemic areas","volume":"39","author":"S Mas-Coma","year":"2023","journal-title":"Trends Parasitol"},{"key":"pntd.0013433.ref022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"583204","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2020.583204","article-title":"Sheep and cattle reservoirs in the highest human fascioliasis hyperendemic area: experimental transmission capacity, field epidemiology, and control within a one health initiative in Bolivia","volume":"7","author":"S Mas-Coma","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Vet Sci"},{"key":"pntd.0013433.ref023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"591384","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2020.591384","article-title":"Donkey Fascioliasis Within a One Health Control Action: Transmission Capacity, Field Epidemiology, and Reservoir Role in a Human Hyperendemic Area","volume":"7","author":"S Mas-Coma","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Vet Sci"},{"key":"pntd.0013433.ref024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022149X20000693","article-title":"Equines as reservoirs of human fascioliasis: transmission capacity, epidemiology and pathogenicity in Fasciola hepatica-infected mules","volume":"94","author":"R Mera Y Sierra","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Helminthol"},{"issue":"2","key":"pntd.0013433.ref025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0005352","article-title":"DNA multigene characterization of Fasciola hepatica and Lymnaea neotropica and its fascioliasis transmission capacity in Uruguay, with historical correlation, human report review and infection risk analysis","volume":"11","author":"MD Bargues","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"issue":"3","key":"pntd.0013433.ref026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2011.09.002","article-title":"Characterisation of fascioliasis lymnaeid intermediate hosts from Chile by DNA sequencing, with emphasis on Lymnaea viator and Galba truncatula","volume":"120","author":"P Artigas","year":"2011","journal-title":"Acta Trop"},{"issue":"2","key":"pntd.0013433.ref027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.32800\/abc.2006.29.0191","article-title":"Ribosomal DNA ITS-1 sequencing of Galba truncatula (Gastropoda, Lymnaeidae) and its potential impact on fascioliasis transmission in Mendoza, Argentina","volume":"29","author":"MD Bargues","year":"2006","journal-title":"Anim Biodiv Conserv"},{"key":"pntd.0013433.ref028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-3305-4-104","article-title":"Human fascioliasis in Argentina: retrospective overview, critical analysis and baseline for future research","volume":"4","author":"R Mera y Sierra","year":"2011","journal-title":"Parasit Vectors"},{"issue":"1","key":"pntd.0013433.ref029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-016-1589-z","article-title":"Human fascioliasis endemic areas in Argentina: multigene characterisation of the lymnaeid vectors and climatic-environmental assessment of the transmission pattern","volume":"9","author":"MD Bargues","year":"2016","journal-title":"Parasit Vectors"},{"issue":"2","key":"pntd.0013433.ref030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1007\/s12639-012-0175-3","article-title":"Direct, immunological and molecular techniques for a fasciolosis survey in a rural area of San Luis, Argentina","volume":"37","author":"S Carnevale","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Parasit Dis"},{"key":"pntd.0013433.ref031","first-page":"100927","article-title":"Triclabendazole resistance in Fasciola hepatica: First report in sheep from the Santa Cruz province, Argentinian Patagonia","volume":"45","author":"M Larroza","year":"2023","journal-title":"Vet Parasitol Reg Stud Reports"},{"key":"pntd.0013433.ref032","first-page":"159","article-title":"Fasciola hepatica.","volume-title":"Enfermedades parasitarias de los ovinos y otros rumiantes menores en el cono sur de Am\u00e9rica","author":"FV. Olaechea","year":"2007"},{"key":"pntd.0013433.ref033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"364","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2010.12.047","article-title":"Resistance of Fasciola hepatica against triclabendazole in cattle in Patagonia (Argentina)","volume":"178","author":"F Olaechea","year":"2011","journal-title":"Vet Parasitol"},{"key":"pntd.0013433.ref034","first-page":"213","article-title":"Epidemiologia y control de Fasciola hepatica en Argentina.","volume-title":"Enfermedades parasitarias de importancia econ\u00f3mica en bovinos","author":"FV. Olaechea","year":"1994","edition":"1"},{"key":"pntd.0013433.ref035","first-page":"1","article-title":"Situaci\u00f3n de Fasciola hepatica al sur del paralelo 48\u00b0 S","volume":"31","author":"MJ Aguilar","year":"2014","journal-title":"Rev Vet Argent"},{"issue":"9","key":"pntd.0013433.ref036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1527","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2699.2006.01550.x","article-title":"Areas of endemism of the Patagonian steppe: an approach based on insect distributional patterns using endemicity analysis","volume":"33","author":"M Cecilia Dom\u00ednguez","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Biogeogr"},{"key":"pntd.0013433.ref037","first-page":"85","article-title":"The climate of Patagonia: general patterns and controls on biotic processes","volume":"8","author":"JM Paruelo","year":"1998","journal-title":"Ecol Austral"},{"key":"pntd.0013433.ref038","first-page":"47","article-title":"Estimaci\u00f3n del r\u00e9gimen de precipitaci\u00f3n a partir de la distancia a la cordillera en el noroeste de la Patagonia","volume":"5","author":"EG Jobb\u00e1gy","year":"1995","journal-title":"Ecol Austral"},{"key":"pntd.0013433.ref039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2006.12.020","article-title":"Dynamics of Fasciola hepatica transmission in the Andean Patagonian valleys, Argentina","volume":"145","author":"F Kleiman","year":"2007","journal-title":"Vet Parasitol"},{"key":"pntd.0013433.ref040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"524","DOI":"10.1002\/9780470753316.ch71","article-title":"South America: Patagonia.","author":"CA. Robles","year":"2007","journal-title":"Diseases of Sheep"},{"key":"pntd.0013433.ref041","unstructured":"Instituto Nacional de Estad\u00edstica y Censos. Censo Nacional Agropecuario 2018. Resultados Definitivos. Buenos Aires, Argentina: Instituto Nacional de Estad\u00edstica y Censos (INDEC); 2021. Available from: https:\/\/www.indec.gob.ar\/ftp\/cuadros\/economia\/cna2018_resultados_definitivos.pdf"},{"issue":"8","key":"pntd.0013433.ref042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"835","DOI":"10.1080\/00034983.1999.11813491","article-title":"Analysis of climatic data and forecast indices for human fascioliasis at very high altitude","volume":"93","author":"MV Fuentes","year":"1999","journal-title":"Ann Trop Med Parasitol"},{"key":"pntd.0013433.ref043","volume-title":"Climate-diagram maps of the individual continents and the ecological climatic regions of the Earth. Supplement to Vegetation Monographs","author":"H Walter","year":"1975"},{"key":"pntd.0013433.ref044","first-page":"591","article-title":"A method of forecasting the incidence of fascioliasis in Anglesey","volume":"71","author":"CB Ollerenshaw","year":"1959","journal-title":"Vet Rec"},{"key":"pntd.0013433.ref045","first-page":"83","article-title":"A comment on the epidemiology of Fasciola hepatica in Italy","volume":"20","author":"CB Ollerenshaw","year":"1973","journal-title":"Ann Della Fac Med Vet Torino"},{"key":"pntd.0013433.ref046","first-page":"303","article-title":"Quelques aspects des relations entre le climat et l\u2019incidence de la fasciolose en Europe","volume":"40","author":"CB Ollerenshaw","year":"1971","journal-title":"Cah M\u00e9decine V\u00e9t"},{"issue":"7","key":"pntd.0013433.ref047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1167","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.1987.48.07.1167","article-title":"Fascioliasis in cattle in Louisiana: development of a system to predict disease risk by climate, using the Thornthwaite water budget","volume":"48","author":"JB Malone","year":"1987","journal-title":"Am J Vet Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"pntd.0013433.ref048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-4017(98)00137-X","article-title":"A geographic information system on the potential distribution and abundance of Fasciola hepatica and F. gigantica in east Africa based on Food and Agriculture Organization databases","volume":"78","author":"JB Malone","year":"1998","journal-title":"Vet Parasitol"},{"key":"pntd.0013433.ref049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022149X0001899X","article-title":"The Emergence of the Cercariae of Fasciola hepatica from the Snail Limnaea truncatula","volume":"25","author":"SB Kendall","year":"1951","journal-title":"J Helminthol"},{"key":"pntd.0013433.ref050","first-page":"129","article-title":"Development of a forecast system for fasciolosis in central Chile using remote sensing and climatic data in a geographic information system","volume":"59","author":"MV Fuentes","year":"1999","journal-title":"Res Rev Parasitol"},{"issue":"2","key":"pntd.0013433.ref051","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-4017(98)00136-8","article-title":"A geographic information system forecast model for strategic control of fasciolosis in Ethiopia","volume":"78","author":"JM Yilma","year":"1998","journal-title":"Vet Parasitol"},{"issue":"2","key":"pntd.0013433.ref052","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.13031\/2013.26773","article-title":"Reference Crop Evapotranspiration from Temperature","volume":"1","author":"HH George","year":"1985","journal-title":"Appl Eng Agric"},{"key":"pntd.0013433.ref053","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1061\/(ASCE)0733-9437(2000)126:4(265)","article-title":"Estimating solar radiation and evapotranspiration using minimum climatological data","volume":"126","author":"Z Samani","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Irrig Drain Eng"},{"key":"pntd.0013433.ref054","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1061\/(ASCE)0733-9437(2003)129:1(53)","article-title":"History and evaluation of Hargreaves evapotranspiration equation","volume":"129","author":"GH Hargreaves","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Irrig Drain Eng"},{"key":"pntd.0013433.ref055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1061\/(ASCE)0733-9437(2004)130:3(184)","article-title":"Assessing reference evapotranspiration by the Hargreaves method in southern Spain","volume":"130","author":"K Vanderlinden","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Irrig Drain Eng"},{"issue":"5","key":"pntd.0013433.ref056","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1442-9993.2009.01958.x","article-title":"Ecohydrological effects of grazing\u2010induced degradation in the Patagonian Monte, Argentina","volume":"34","author":"AJ Bisigato","year":"2009","journal-title":"Austral Ecol"},{"issue":"2","key":"pntd.0013433.ref057","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1007\/s11273-010-9205-z","article-title":"Vegetation composition and its relationship with the environment in mallines of north Patagonia, Argentina","volume":"19","author":"JJ Gait\u00e1n","year":"2010","journal-title":"Wetlands Ecol Manage"},{"issue":"1","key":"pntd.0013433.ref058","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rse.2009.08.014","article-title":"Detecting trend and seasonal changes in satellite image time series","volume":"114","author":"J Verbesselt","year":"2010","journal-title":"Remote Sens Environ"},{"key":"pntd.0013433.ref059","first-page":"3","article-title":"STL: A seasonal-trend decomposition procedure based on Loess","volume":"6","author":"RB Cleveland","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Off Stat"},{"issue":"2","key":"pntd.0013433.ref060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.4081\/gh.2015.352","article-title":"Modelling recent and future climatic suitability for fasciolosis in Europe","volume":"9","author":"C Caminade","year":"2015","journal-title":"Geospat Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"pntd.0013433.ref061","article-title":"Predicting impacts of climate change on Fasciola hepatica risk","volume":"6","author":"NJ Fox","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"6","key":"pntd.0013433.ref062","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3147","DOI":"10.5433\/1679-0359.2014v35n6p3147","article-title":"Climate change on the forecasted risk of bovine fasciolosis in Esp\u00edrito Santo state, Brazil","volume":"35","author":"DF Freitas","year":"2014","journal-title":"Sem Ci Agr"},{"key":"pntd.0013433.ref063","first-page":"11","article-title":"Impacts of climate change scenarios on Fasciola gigantica risk in semi-arid West Africa: a case study of Sokoto State, Nigeria","volume":"4","author":"I Hamisu","year":"2020","journal-title":"South Asian J Parasitol"},{"key":"pntd.0013433.ref064","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2016.05.033","article-title":"A growing degree-day model for determination of Fasciola hepatica infection risk in New Zealand with future predictions using climate change models","volume":"228","author":"LAJ Haydock","year":"2016","journal-title":"Vet Parasitol"},{"key":"pntd.0013433.ref065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107370","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smallrumres.2024.107370","article-title":"Anticipating the potential distribution of Fasciola spp. in Gilan province of Iran: insights from MaxEnt and climate change scenarios","volume":"240","author":"G Modabbernia","year":"2024","journal-title":"Small Ruminant Research"},{"issue":"5","key":"pntd.0013433.ref066","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.3390\/tropicalmed10050123","article-title":"Emerging human Fascioliasis in India: review of case reports, climate change impact, and geo-historical correlation defining areas and seasons of high infection risk","volume":"10","author":"S Mas-Coma","year":"2025","journal-title":"Trop Med Infect Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"pntd.0013433.ref067","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1186\/s40794-024-00234-z","article-title":"Significance of climate change in the emergence of human fascioliasis in Upper Egypt","volume":"10","author":"N Zanaty","year":"2024","journal-title":"Trop Dis Travel Med Vaccines"},{"key":"pntd.0013433.ref068","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1255","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2005.07.010","article-title":"Fascioliasis and other plant-borne trematode zoonoses","volume":"35","author":"S Mas-Coma","year":"2005","journal-title":"Int J Parasitol"},{"key":"pntd.0013433.ref069","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-3305-7-29","article-title":"Correlation between clonorchiasis incidences and climatic factors in Guangzhou, China","volume":"7","author":"T Li","year":"2014","journal-title":"Parasit Vectors"},{"issue":"1","key":"pntd.0013433.ref070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiaf173","article-title":"Rainfall- and temperature-driven emergence of neural angiostrongyliasis in Eastern Australia, 2020-2024","volume":"232","author":"P Rivory","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"pntd.0013433.ref071","unstructured":"Secretar\u00eda de Ambiente y Desarrollo Sustentable de la Naci\u00f3n. Tercera Comunicaci\u00f3n Nacional de la Rep\u00fablica Argentina a la Convenci\u00f3n Marco de las Naciones Unidas sobre el Cambio Clim\u00e1tico. Buenos Aires, Argentina: Secretar\u00eda de Ambiente y Desarrollo Sustentable de la Naci\u00f3n; 2015. Available from: https:\/\/unfccc.int\/sites\/default\/files\/resource\/Argnc3.pdf"},{"key":"pntd.0013433.ref072","unstructured":"Ministerio de Ambiente y Desarrollo Sostenible. Plan Nacional de Adaptaci\u00f3n y Mitigaci\u00f3n al Cambio Clim\u00e1tico. Buenos Aires, Argentina: Ministerio de Ambiente y Desarrollo Sostenible; 2022. Available from: https:\/\/www.argentina.gob.ar\/sites\/default\/files\/pnaymcc_2022_-_vf_resol.pdf"},{"key":"pntd.0013433.ref073","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosres.2011.11.001","article-title":"Observed and simulated variability of extreme temperature events over South America","volume":"106","author":"M Rusticucci","year":"2012","journal-title":"Atmospher Res"},{"issue":"20","key":"pntd.0013433.ref074","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4099","DOI":"10.1175\/1520-0442(2004)017<4099:OTACIT>2.0.CO;2","article-title":"Observed trends and changes in temperature extremes over Argentina","volume":"17","author":"M Rusticucci","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Clim"},{"key":"pntd.0013433.ref075","article-title":"Impact of land use and precipitation changes on surface temperature trends in Argentina","volume":"113","author":"MN Nu\u00f1ez","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Geophys Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"pntd.0013433.ref076","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1002\/wcc.316","article-title":"Climate change in Argentina: trends, projections, impacts and adaptation","volume":"6","author":"VR Barros","year":"2014","journal-title":"WIREs Clim Change"},{"issue":"1","key":"pntd.0013433.ref077","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1127\/metz\/6\/1997\/3","article-title":"Ver\u00e4nderungen von Temperatur, Luftfeuchte und Niederschlag in Argentinien und den benachbarten subantarktischen Gebieten w\u00e4hrend dieses Jahrhunderts","volume":"6","author":"JAJ Hoffmann","year":"1997","journal-title":"Meterol Z"},{"issue":"1","key":"pntd.0013433.ref078","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0088(199701)17:1<67::AID-JOC120>3.0.CO;2-G","article-title":"Recent temperature variations in southern South America","volume":"17","author":"B Rosenbl\u00fcth","year":"1997","journal-title":"Int J Climatol"},{"issue":"1","key":"pntd.0013433.ref079","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1111\/nyas.14591","article-title":"Attribution and projections of temperature extreme trends in South America based on CMIP5 models","volume":"1504","author":"M Rusticucci","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ann N Y Acad Sci"},{"key":"pntd.0013433.ref080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100569","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wace.2023.100569","article-title":"Regionalisation of heat waves in southern South America","volume":"40","author":"S Suli","year":"2023","journal-title":"Weather Clim Extrem"},{"issue":"4","key":"pntd.0013433.ref081","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"834","DOI":"10.1002\/joc.3472","article-title":"Inter\u2010annual and inter\u2010decadal variability of dry days in Argentina","volume":"33","author":"JA Rivera","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int J Climatol"},{"issue":"4","key":"pntd.0013433.ref082","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/s10113-023-02160-w","article-title":"Drylands becoming drier: evidence from North Patagonia, Argentina","volume":"23","author":"SI Hurtado","year":"2023","journal-title":"Reg Environ Change"},{"issue":"4","key":"pntd.0013433.ref083","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/avsc.12754","article-title":"Effects of livestock grazing intensification on plant communities of Patagonian drylands increase with increasing aridity","volume":"26","author":"LJ Carboni","year":"2023","journal-title":"Appl Veg Sci"},{"key":"pntd.0013433.ref084","article-title":"Intensificaci\u00f3n de la ganader\u00eda en tiempos de cambio clim\u00e1tico: Desaf\u00edos del pastoreo dom\u00e9stico en las zonas \u00e1ridas de la Patagonia argentina","author":"L Yahdjian","year":"2023","journal-title":"Metode Sci Stud J"},{"issue":"3","key":"pntd.0013433.ref085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.2111\/1551-501X(2008)30[34:CCIOSA]2.0.CO;2","article-title":"Climate change impacts on South American Rangelands","volume":"30","author":"L Yahdjian","year":"2008","journal-title":"Rangelands"},{"key":"pntd.0013433.ref086","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107417","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecolind.2021.107417","article-title":"Direct and indirect effects of climate and vegetation on sheep production across Patagonian rangelands (Argentina)","volume":"124","author":"DA Castillo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ecol Indic"},{"issue":"7","key":"pntd.0013433.ref087","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6401","DOI":"10.1007\/s11069-024-06482-8","article-title":"Coping or adapting strategies? The importance of distinguishing between climatic shift and drought events for proper management of the pastoral systems in Northern Patagonia","volume":"120","author":"SI Hurtado","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat Hazards"},{"issue":"8","key":"pntd.0013433.ref088","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1016\/S0007-1935(17)48248-0","article-title":"The Stormont \u201cwet day\u201d forecasting system for fascioliasis","volume":"126","author":"JG Ross","year":"1970","journal-title":"Br Vet J"},{"key":"pntd.0013433.ref089","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-1571(66)90004-5","article-title":"The approach to forecasting the incidence of fascioliasis over England and Wales 1958\u20131962","volume":"3","author":"CB Ollerenshaw","year":"1966","journal-title":"Agric Meteorol"},{"key":"pntd.0013433.ref090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"679","DOI":"10.1007\/1-4020-4497-6_234","article-title":"Water balance","author":"RM Hordon","year":"1998","journal-title":"Encyclopedia of Earth Science. Springer Netherlands"},{"issue":"4","key":"pntd.0013433.ref091","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"360","DOI":"10.1071\/AN11283","article-title":"What do domestic livestock eat in northern Patagonian rangelands?","volume":"53","author":"ES Villagra","year":"2013","journal-title":"Anim Prod Sci"},{"issue":"4","key":"pntd.0013433.ref092","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.3390\/tropicalmed8040187","article-title":"Ecological Niche Modelling Approaches: Challenges and Applications in Vector-Borne Diseases","volume":"8","author":"PF Cuervo","year":"2023","journal-title":"Trop Med Infect Dis"},{"key":"pntd.0013433.ref093","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00380403","article-title":"The effects of low temperature on Lymnaea truncatula","volume":"48","author":"JK Hodasi","year":"1976","journal-title":"Z F\u00fcr Parasitenkd"},{"issue":"2","key":"pntd.0013433.ref094","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1590\/s1984-29612021014","article-title":"One Health initiative in the Bolivian Altiplano human fascioliasis hyperendemic area: Lymnaeid biology, population dynamics, microecology and climatic factor influences","volume":"30","author":"MD Bargues","year":"2021","journal-title":"Rev Bras Parasitol Vet"},{"issue":"1","key":"pntd.0013433.ref095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-020-04045-x","article-title":"Genetic uniformity, geographical spread and anthropogenic habitat modifications of lymnaeid vectors found in a One Health initiative in the highest human fascioliasis hyperendemic of the Bolivian Altiplano","volume":"13","author":"MD Bargues","year":"2020","journal-title":"Parasit Vectors"},{"issue":"1","key":"pntd.0013433.ref096","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0012820","article-title":"Heterogeneous zonal impacts of climate change on a wide hyperendemic area of human and animal fascioliasis assessed within a One Health action for prevention and control","volume":"19","author":"PF Cuervo","year":"2025","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"pntd.0013433.ref097","first-page":"1","article-title":"Anoplocephalid cestodes of veterinary and medical significance: a review","volume":"45","author":"G Denegri","year":"1998","journal-title":"Folia Parasitol (Praha)"}],"updated-by":[{"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0013433","type":"new_version","label":"New version","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,25]],"date-time":"2025-08-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756080000000}}],"container-title":["PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.0013433","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,25]],"date-time":"2025-08-25T17:44:09Z","timestamp":1756143849000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.0013433"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"David","family":"Blair","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,18]]},"references-count":97,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,18]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.0013433","relation":{"new_version":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0013433","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["1935-2735"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1935-2735","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,18]]}}}