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However, to date, its venom has been investigated in a very limited number of studies, and much remains unknown regarding its compositional and functional properties. By integrating proteotranscriptomics with bioactivity profiling, we present a comprehensive transcriptome-level catalogue of <jats:italic>E. coloratus<\/jats:italic> venom components and their associated biological activities. Our analysis identified 183 venom components belonging to 17 distinct protein families. Relative toxin abundances revealed that 92% of the venom proteome is composed of C-type lectin and C-type lectin-related protein (CTL), L-amino acid oxidase (LAAO), phospholipase A<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> (PLA<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>), snake venom serine protease (SVSP), and snake venom metalloproteinase (SVMP), with CTL and PLA<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> alone accounting for 73% of the total composition. Bioassays targeting key aspects of viperid envenomation demonstrated potent protease and PLA<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> activity in a concentration-dependent manner. In contrast, Factor Xa-like, plasmin-like, and haemolytic activities were negligible. Marked cytotoxicity was observed at the highest concentration tested (i.e., 25 \u03bcg\/ml) in the mammalian cell lines MDCK II and Calu-3, whereas cytotoxic effects were minimal at lower concentrations. These findings highlight the complexity and potency of <jats:italic>E. coloratus<\/jats:italic> venom, and provide a valuable foundation for improving our understanding of envenomation caused by this species.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0013439","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,14]],"date-time":"2025-08-14T19:38:17Z","timestamp":1755200297000},"page":"e0013439","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Venomics of the Arabian saw-scaled viper (Echis coloratus) through transcriptome-guided proteomics and in vitro functional profiling"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3576-8805","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ignazio","family":"Avella","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lennart","family":"Schulte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maik","family":"Damm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lilien","family":"Uhrig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alfredo","family":"Cabrera-Orefice","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Johanna","family":"Eichberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kornelia","family":"Hardes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sabine","family":"Hurka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Lindner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andreas","family":"Vilcinskas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tim","family":"L\u00fcddecke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"pntd.0013439.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1186\/s40409-017-0127-6","article-title":"Snakebite envenomation turns again into a neglected tropical disease!","volume":"23","author":"J-P Chippaux","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Venom Anim Toxins Incl Trop Dis"},{"issue":"12","key":"pntd.0013439.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0000569","article-title":"Snake envenoming: a disease of poverty","volume":"3","author":"RA Harrison","year":"2009","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"pntd.0013439.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17063","DOI":"10.1038\/nrdp.2017.63","article-title":"Snakebite envenoming","volume":"3","author":"JM Guti\u00e9rrez","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat Rev Dis Primers"},{"key":"pntd.0013439.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100076","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxcx.2021.100076","article-title":"Addressing the global snakebite crisis with geo-spatial analyses - 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