{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,31]],"date-time":"2025-12-31T10:25:25Z","timestamp":1767176725128,"version":"build-2238731810"},"update-to":[{"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0013550","type":"new_version","label":"New version","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,25]],"date-time":"2025-09-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1758758400000}}],"reference-count":64,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,22]],"date-time":"2025-09-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1758499200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Fulbright fellowship"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosntds.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS Negl Trop Dis"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"sec001\">\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) is a mosquito-borne pathogen that causes severe neurologic disease. Its endemicity in Asia has prompted its inclusion in nationwide immunization programs. However, the Philippines, which is also endemic for related viruses like dengue (DENV), has not yet adopted this practice. Vaccine hesitancy is a major challenge, exacerbated by concerns over cross-reactive antibodies that may enhance viral infection. This study aimed to determine whether IMOJEV vaccination would induce cross-neutralizing or enhancing antibodies against DENV.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec002\">\n                    <jats:title>Methodology\/Principal findings<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Pre- and one-month post-vaccination samples from IMOJEV-vaccinated Filipino children (9\u201324 months old) were analyzed. A reporter virus particle (RVP)-based neutralization assay against JEV showed neutralization in 28\/29 subjects post-vaccination. Presence of DENV2-reactive antibodies was measured via DENV2 VLP ELISA, which revealed increased DENV2 binding reactivity post-vaccination. Pre-vaccination DENV2 binding reactivity also had no significant correlation with the JEV vaccine response. RVP-based neutralization and enhancement assays against DENV2 showed that there was no significant change in neutralizing or enhancing antibody activity against DENV2 after JEV vaccination.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec003\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions\/Significance<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study shows that IMOJEV vaccination elicited a JEV neutralizing response in 97% of vaccinees and that the magnitude of JEV neutralizing titers post-vaccination was not associated with pre-existing binding antibodies to DENV2. Further, while live JEV vaccination increases DENV2-binding antibodies, this cross-reactivity does not lead to DENV2 enhancement. These findings contribute to a better understanding of the orthoflavivirus antibody response following immunization and the influence of pre-existing heterologous orthoflavivirus antibodies. This could guide vaccination strategies, especially in orthoflavivirus-endemic regions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0013550","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,22]],"date-time":"2025-09-22T17:40:57Z","timestamp":1758562857000},"page":"e0013550","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Antibody responses to Japanese encephalitis virus and dengue virus serotype 2 in children from an orthoflavivirus endemic region after IMOJEV vaccination"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9183-7612","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Fatima Ericka S.","family":"Vista","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Leslie Michelle M.","family":"Dalmacio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pauline R.","family":"Solis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cecilia Nelia C.","family":"Maramba-Lazarte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Diane M.","family":"Lang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alan L.","family":"Rothman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sheriah Laine M.","family":"de Paz-Silava","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"pntd.0013550.ref001","first-page":"712","article-title":"Flaviviridae.","volume-title":"Fields Virology","author":"BD Lindenbach","year":"2013","edition":"6"},{"key":"pntd.0013550.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1867","DOI":"10.1099\/0022-1317-82-8-1867","article-title":"Phylogenetic relationships of flaviviruses correlate with their epidemiology, disease association and biogeography","volume":"82","author":"MW Gaunt","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Gen Virol"},{"issue":"2","key":"pntd.0013550.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"360","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.14-0139","article-title":"Economic cost and burden of dengue in the Philippines","volume":"92","author":"FE Edillo","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"issue":"3","key":"pntd.0013550.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0003630","article-title":"Epidemiology of Japanese encephalitis in the Philippines: a systematic review","volume":"9","author":"AL Lopez","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"issue":"8","key":"pntd.0013550.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1441","DOI":"10.3390\/v13081441","article-title":"Serological Evidence of Widespread Zika Transmission across the Philippines","volume":"13","author":"JR Biggs","year":"2021","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"key":"pntd.0013550.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100994","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mam.2021.100994","article-title":"Pathobiology of Japanese encephalitis virus infection","volume":"81","author":"KB Sharma","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mol Aspects Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"pntd.0013550.ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.3390\/v16010054","article-title":"Japanese Encephalitis: Risk of Emergence in the United States and the Resulting Impact","volume":"16","author":"TP Monath","year":"2023","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"issue":"11","key":"pntd.0013550.ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1683","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines11111683","article-title":"Japanese Encephalitis Vaccine Acceptance and Strategies for Travelers: Insights from a Scoping Review and Practitioners in Endemic Countries","volume":"11","author":"P Asawapaithulsert","year":"2023","journal-title":"Vaccines (Basel)"},{"issue":"5","key":"pntd.0013550.ref009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcma.2014.12.009","article-title":"Current recommendations for the Japanese encephalitis vaccine","volume":"78","author":"H-L Chen","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Chin Med Assoc"},{"issue":"22","key":"pntd.0013550.ref010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"579","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm6622a3","article-title":"Japanese Encephalitis Surveillance and Immunization - Asia and Western Pacific Regions, 2016","volume":"66","author":"JD Heffelfinger","year":"2017","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"key":"pntd.0013550.ref011","unstructured":"Philippine Infectious Disease Society of the Philippines, Philippine Pediatric Society, Philippine Foundation for Vaccination. 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