{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T06:28:17Z","timestamp":1791872897173,"version":"4.3.4"},"update-to":[{"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0013555","type":"new_version","label":"New version","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,27]],"date-time":"2025-10-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761523200000}}],"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]],"date-time":"2025-10-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759968000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001807","name":"Funda\u00c3\u00a7\u00c3\u00a3o de Amparo \u00c3\u00a0 Pesquisa do Estado de S\u00c3\u00a3o Paulo","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2016\/25403-9"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2016\/25403-9"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001807","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosntds.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS Negl Trop Dis"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"sec001\">\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Chronic Chagas cardiomyopathy (CCC) is a major public health issue in endemic areas of Latin America, representing one of the leading causes of heart failure and sudden death. The hallmark histopathological lesion of CCC is low-intensity, persistent myocarditis associated with cytokine production. Long-term use of pentoxifylline (PTX) may serve as an effective pharmacological intervention for immunomodulation, reducing inflammation and, consequently, diminishing myocardial perfusion abnormalities and thus preserving left ventricular systolic function.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec002\">\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We investigated 38 patients with CCC, randomly assigned to PTX (n\u2009=\u200919), 400\u2009mg 3 times a day for 6 months, or placebo (PLC) (n\u2009=\u200919). At baseline and post-treatment, patients underwent cytokine measurements, quality of life assessment, 2D echocardiography, and myocardial perfusion scintigraphy. After treatment, TNF-\u03b1 levels in the PTX group decreased from 10.14\u2009\u00b1\u20095.5 to 8.32\u2009\u00b1\u20093.6 and from 9.12\u2009\u00b1\u20094.4 to 10.32\u2009\u00b1\u20098.5 in the PLC group (p\u2009=\u20090.06). Additionally, IL-10 levels increased from 2.74\u2009\u00b1\u20090.7 to 5.61\u2009\u00b1\u20098.6 in the PTX group, while in the placebo group, they decreased from 6.96\u2009\u00b1\u200911.8 to 5.50\u2009\u00b1\u20098.3 (p\u2009=\u20090.09); neither of these findings reached statistical significance. Also, no significant changes were observed in the echocardiographic variables after treatment. LVEF showed a modest change from 46.2%\u2009\u00b1\u20097.9 to 47.4%\u2009\u00b1\u20097.0 in the PTX group and from 48.2%\u2009\u00b1\u20096.6 to 48.0%\u2009\u00b1\u20096.9 in the PLC group (p\u2009=\u20090.37). No significant positive effects on myocardial perfusion were noted. However, the quality-of-life assessment documented a significant improvement of functional capacity in the PTX group.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec003\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The results of this study suggest a potential positive effect of PTX in modulating the inflammatory profile of CCC patients. However, use of pentoxifylline in these patients did not attenuate the degree of ventricular dysfunction or reduce myocardial perfusion defects.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0013555","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]],"date-time":"2025-10-09T18:00:16Z","timestamp":1760032816000},"page":"e0013555","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Effects of pentoxifylline in patients with chronic Chagas cardiomyopathy: A randomized, double-blind, controlled pilot trial"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-0938-087X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"K\u00e1ryta Suely Mac\u00eado","family":"Martins","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Denise Mayumi","family":"Tanaka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Camila Godoy","family":"Fabricio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ant\u00f4nio Carlos Leite de","family":"Barros Filho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Henrique Turin","family":"Moreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paulo","family":"Louzada J\u00fanior","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9 A.","family":"Marin-Neto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marcus Vin\u00edcius","family":"Sim\u00f5es","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"pntd.0013555.ref001","unstructured":"Organization P-AH. 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