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The\n                    <jats:italic>\n                      <jats:italic>T. cruzi<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:italic>\n                    is classified into seven distinct genetic groups (TcI-TcVI) and TcBat, know as\n                    <jats:italic>Discrete Typing Units<\/jats:italic>\n                    (DTUs). Understanding DTU diversity is essential for improving diagnostic and therapeutic strategies and strengthening epidemiological surveillance. This study aimed to investigate the genetic diversity of\n                    <jats:italic>\n                      <jats:italic>T. cruzi<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:italic>\n                    in individuals with chronic Chagas disease from endemic municipalities in Northern Minas Gerais and the Jequitinhonha Valley, Brazil. It also evaluated associations between DTUs and age, parasitic load, antibody levels, and cardiac disease severity in participants from the SaMi-Trop cohort. Molecular typing was performed using conventional multilocus PCR directly from peripheral blood samples of individuals with the chronic cardiac form. Of the 80 patients included in the study,\n                    <jats:italic>\n                      <jats:italic>T. cruzi<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:italic>\n                    genotyping was performed in 37 samples (46.25%). Among the samples in which a single DTU was identified, TcI and TcVI presented equal frequencies (n\u2009=\u20095, 13.51% each). TcII was identified in four samples (n\u2009=\u20094, 10.81%), while TcV was identified in three samples (n\u2009=\u20093, 8.10%). Furthermore, three individuals presented mixed infections: TcV\u2009+\u2009TcVI, TcI\u2009+\u2009TcV\u2009+\u2009TcII\/TcVI, and TcV\u2009+\u2009TcII. The highest frequency was observed for TcII\/TcVI (n\u2009=\u200917, 45.94%), a classification that does not represent mixed infection. For statistical analysis, TcII\/TcVI samples were classified as TcII. No significant differences were found between the DTUs and age or parasitic load. However, a wide variation in the average parasitic load was observed among individuals, ranging from 0.06 to 667 parasite equivalents\/mL. An increase in anti-\n                    <jats:italic>\n                      <jats:italic>T. cruzi<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:italic>\n                    antibody titers was also observed. The findings of this study demonstrate the genetic diversity of the parasite in individuals with chronic cardiac Chagas disease and its distribution in a highly endemic region.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0013627","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,15]],"date-time":"2025-10-15T17:45:47Z","timestamp":1760550347000},"page":"e0013627","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Genetic diversity of Trypanosoma cruzi in individuals with chronic Chagas disease in the Northern Minas Gerais and Vale do Jequitinhonha regions, Minas Gerais, Brazil"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Emanuelle de Moura Santos","family":"Xavier","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paula Finamore","family":"Araujo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jenifer Raiane Silva","family":"Pedras","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thainara da Silva","family":"Gon\u00e7alves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"N\u00fabia Nunes","family":"de Souza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ariela Mota","family":"Ferreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"L\u00e9a Campos de Oliveira-da","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ester Cerdeira","family":"Sabino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maria do Carmo Pereira","family":"Nunes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Antonio Luiz Pinho","family":"Ribeiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5340-8697","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Otacilio C.","family":"Moreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thallyta Maria","family":"Vieira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,15]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"pntd.0013627.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1590\/S0074-02761909000200008","article-title":"Nova tripanozomiaze humana: estudos sobre a morfolojia e o ciclo evolutivo do Schizotrypanum cruzi n. gen., n. sp., ajente etiolojico de nova entidade morbida do homem","author":"C Chagas","year":"1909","journal-title":"Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz [Internet"},{"issue":"1","key":"pntd.0013627.ref002","first-page":"68","article-title":"Correlation between Cardiomegaly on Chest X-Ray and Left Ventricular Diameter on Echocardiography in Patients with Chagas Disease","volume":"116","author":"MRF Ramos","year":"2021","journal-title":"Arq Bras Cardiol"},{"issue":"12","key":"pntd.0013627.ref003","first-page":"2339","article-title":"Fifteen Years after the Definition of Trypanosoma cruzi DTUs: What Have We Learned?","volume":"13","author":"B Zingales","year":"2023","journal-title":"Life (Basel)"},{"key":"pntd.0013627.ref004","volume-title":"Chagas disease (also known as American trypanosomiasis)","author":"World Health Organization (WHO).","year":"2023"},{"key":"pntd.0013627.ref005","first-page":"100110","article-title":"Biological characterization of Trypanosoma cruzi epimastigotes derived from trypomastigotes isolated from Brazilian chagasic patients","volume":"3","author":"IB Nakamura","year":"2022","journal-title":"Curr Res Microb Sci"},{"key":"pntd.0013627.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zingales B, Bartholomeu DC. 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