{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,18]],"date-time":"2026-06-18T00:09:51Z","timestamp":1781741391261,"version":"3.54.5"},"update-to":[{"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0013634","type":"new_version","label":"New version","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,5]],"date-time":"2025-11-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1762300800000}}],"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,30]],"date-time":"2025-10-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761782400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosntds.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS Negl Trop Dis"],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>Angiostrongylus cantonensis<\/jats:italic>\n                    is a mollusk-borne parasitic nematode originating in Southeast Asia. Commonly known as the rat lungworm, it uses rats as definitive hosts, though other mammals, including humans, can be infected and typically suffer from neurological disorders. This study focuses on the parasite\u2019s presence in its gastropod intermediate hosts in several urban and rural areas in Aceh province, Sumatra, Indonesia. Samples of\n                    <jats:italic>Achatina<\/jats:italic>\n                    (\n                    <jats:italic>Lissachatina<\/jats:italic>\n                    )\n                    <jats:italic>fulica<\/jats:italic>\n                    (161) and\n                    <jats:italic>Pomacea<\/jats:italic>\n                    sp. (90) were collected in eight localities in Banda Aceh. Additionally, 531 edible freshwater snails belonging to the genus\n                    <jats:italic>Sulcospira<\/jats:italic>\n                    sp. from three different localities in Aceh province were obtained in wet markets. All samples were examined by LAMP and qPCR for the\n                    <jats:italic>A. cantonensis<\/jats:italic>\n                    DNA. No samples of\n                    <jats:italic>Sulcospira<\/jats:italic>\n                    sp. and\n                    <jats:italic>Pomacea<\/jats:italic>\n                    sp. tested positive. 13.4% of\n                    <jats:italic>L. fulica<\/jats:italic>\n                    tested positive, with the highest prevalence in urban areas of Banda Aceh. The ITS1 sequences obtained from positive samples using conventional PCR confirmed 100% identity with\n                    <jats:italic>A. cantonensis<\/jats:italic>\n                    . The present study confirms, for the first time, the presence of the zoonotic parasite\n                    <jats:italic>A. cantonensis<\/jats:italic>\n                    in Banda Aceh, Sumatra, Indonesia. Notably, the handling and consumption of snails sold at wet markets do not appear to increase the risk of eosinophilic meningitis in this region. However, the relatively high prevalence of\n                    <jats:italic>A. cantonensis<\/jats:italic>\n                    in urban land snails underscores the need for continued vigilance and public health awareness.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0013634","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,30]],"date-time":"2025-10-30T17:48:51Z","timestamp":1761846531000},"page":"e0013634","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Hidden threats in urban environments: Angiostrongylus cantonensis in Banda Aceh\u2019s cityscape"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8742-0216","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Lucia","family":"Anettov\u00e1","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"\u0160ipkov\u00e1","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vojtech","family":"Bal\u00e1\u017e","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Muhammad","family":"Hambal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Radovan","family":"Coufal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jana","family":"Ka\u010dma\u0159\u00edkov\u00e1","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Henni","family":"Vanda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wahyu","family":"Eka Sari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Modr\u00fd","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,30]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"pntd.0013634.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"312","DOI":"10.1051\/parasite\/1935134312","article-title":"Un nouveau n\u00e9matode pulmonaire, Pulmonema cantonensis, n. g., n. sp.","volume":"13","author":"H-T Chen","year":"1935","journal-title":"Ann Parasitol Hum Comp."},{"issue":"6","key":"pntd.0013634.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1166","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.22-0360","article-title":"Neuroangiostrongyliasis: global spread of an emerging tropical disease","volume":"107","author":"RH Cowie","year":"2022","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg."},{"issue":"5","key":"pntd.0013634.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1024","DOI":"10.1645\/0022-3395(2002)088[1024:PACNEI]2.0.CO;2","article-title":"Parastrongylus (=Angiostrongylus) cantonensis now endemic in Louisiana wildlife","volume":"88","author":"DY Kim","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Parasitol."},{"issue":"2","key":"pntd.0013634.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijppaw.2015.02.006","article-title":"Species of Angiostrongylus (Nematoda: Metastrongyloidea) in wildlife: a review","volume":"4","author":"DM Spratt","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int J Parasitol Parasites Wildl."},{"issue":"3","key":"pntd.0013634.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"294","DOI":"10.1080\/00034983.1965.11686310","article-title":"A case of parasitic eosinophilic meningo-encephalitis in Vietnam probably caused byAngiostrongylus cantonensis","volume":"59","author":"K Jindr\u00e1k","year":"1965","journal-title":"Annals of Tropical Medicine & Parasitology."},{"issue":"6","key":"pntd.0013634.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"776","DOI":"10.1016\/0035-9203(84)90017-8","article-title":"Distribution of Angiostrongylus cantonensis in Papua New Guinea","volume":"78","author":"EM Scrimgeour","year":"1984","journal-title":"Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg."},{"issue":"4","key":"pntd.0013634.ref007","first-page":"516","article-title":"Angiostrongyliasis in Indonesia: additional geographic and host occurrence records","volume":"9","author":"WP Carney","year":"1978","journal-title":"Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health."},{"issue":"3","key":"pntd.0013634.ref008","first-page":"556","article-title":"Seroepidemiology of five major zoonotic parasite infections in inhabitants of Sidoarjo, East Java, Indonesia","volume":"27","author":"S Uga","year":"1996","journal-title":"Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health."},{"issue":"4","key":"pntd.0013634.ref009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1080\/00034983.1967.11686510","article-title":"Occurrence of Angiostrongylus cantonensis in rats around Kuching, Sarawak","volume":"61","author":"BL Lim","year":"1967","journal-title":"Ann Trop Med Parasitol."},{"key":"pntd.0013634.ref010","first-page":"722","article-title":"Eosinophilic meningitis at Kisaran (Indonesia) and the problem of its aetiology","volume":"55","author":"AM SMIT","year":"1962","journal-title":"Bull Soc Pathol Exot Filiales."},{"issue":"3","key":"pntd.0013634.ref011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.2307\/3277078","article-title":"Occurrence of Angiostrongylus cantonensis in Rats in North Sumatra, Indonesia","volume":"54","author":"E-H Kwo","year":"1968","journal-title":"The Journal of Parasitology."},{"issue":"1","key":"pntd.0013634.ref012","article-title":"Studies of Angiostrongylus cantonensis and a Malaysiensis of rodents hosts in two transmigration schemes in South Sumatera","volume":"6","author":"BL Liat","year":"1978","journal-title":"Indonesian Bulletin of Health Research."},{"issue":"1","key":"pntd.0013634.ref013","first-page":"41","article-title":"The bandicoot rat, a new host record for Angiostrongylus cantonensis in Indonesia","author":"EE Stafford","year":"1976","journal-title":"Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health."},{"issue":"4","key":"pntd.0013634.ref014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1564\/v27_aug_03","article-title":"The golden apple snail Pomacea Canaliculata: a review on invasion, dispersion and control","volume":"27","author":"FC de Brito","year":"2016","journal-title":"Outlook Pest Man."},{"key":"pntd.0013634.ref015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022149X22000761","article-title":"The invasive giant African land snail, Achatina fulica (Gastropoda: Pulmonata): global geographical distribution of this species as host of nematodes of medical and veterinary importance","volume":"96","author":"GM Silva","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Helminthol."},{"key":"pntd.0013634.ref016","unstructured":"Hendarsih-Suharto MRM, Heryanto, Mulyadi, Siwi SS. The golden apple snail, Pomacea spp., in Indonesia. In: Joshi RC, Sebastian LS, editors. Global advances in ecology and management of golden apple snails. Los Ba\u00f1os, Philippines: Philippine Rice Research Institute (PhilRice). 2006. p. 231\u201342."},{"issue":"1","key":"pntd.0013634.ref017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1093\/mollus\/eyy062","article-title":"Listing, impact assessment and prioritization of introduced land snail and slug species in Indonesia","volume":"85","author":"AS Nurinsiyah","year":"2018","journal-title":"Journal of Molluscan Studies."},{"key":"pntd.0013634.ref018","first-page":"70","article-title":"Pathways for transmission of angiostrongyliasis and the risk of disease associated with them","volume":"72","author":"RH Cowie","year":"2013","journal-title":"Hawaii J Med Public Health."},{"issue":"7","key":"pntd.0013634.ref019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182022000336","article-title":"Endemic lizard Gallotia galloti is a paratenic host of invasive Angiostrongylus cantonensis in Tenerife, Spain","volume":"149","author":"L Anettov\u00e1","year":"2022","journal-title":"Parasitology."},{"issue":"3","key":"pntd.0013634.ref020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"432","DOI":"10.2307\/3277060","article-title":"The occurrence of Angiostrongylus cantonensis in frogs of New Caledonia with observations on paratenic hosts of metastrongyles","volume":"54","author":"LR Ash","year":"1968","journal-title":"J Parasitol."},{"key":"pntd.0013634.ref021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"620","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1962.03050080032007","article-title":"Eosinophilic meningoencephalitis caused by a metastrongylid lung-worm of rats","volume":"179","author":"L Rosen","year":"1962","journal-title":"JAMA."},{"key":"pntd.0013634.ref022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100426","DOI":"10.1016\/j.onehlt.2022.100426","article-title":"Paratenic hosts of Angiostrongylus cantonensis and their relation to human neuroangiostrongyliasis globally","volume":"15","author":"HC Turck","year":"2022","journal-title":"One Health."},{"issue":"5","key":"pntd.0013634.ref023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-024-08232-y","article-title":"Release of Angiostrongylus cantonensis larvae from live intermediate hosts under stress","volume":"123","author":"A \u0160ipkov\u00e1","year":"2024","journal-title":"Parasitol Res."},{"issue":"2","key":"pntd.0013634.ref024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1016\/0277-9536(92)90097-A","article-title":"Eosinophilic meningitis beyond the Pacific Basin: the global dispersal of a peridomestic zoonosis caused by Angiostrongylus cantonensis, the nematode lungworm of rats","volume":"34","author":"MM Kliks","year":"1992","journal-title":"Soc Sci Med."},{"issue":"2","key":"pntd.0013634.ref025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182020001857","article-title":"Alternative pathways in Angiostrongylus cantonensis (Metastrongyloidea: Angiostrongylidae) transmission","volume":"148","author":"D Modr\u00fd","year":"2021","journal-title":"Parasitology."},{"issue":"3","key":"pntd.0013634.ref026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.11646\/mr.29.3.1","article-title":"Exploring a largely unknown fauna: on the diversity of pachychilid freshwater gastropods in Vietnam (Caenogastropoda: Cerithioidea)","volume":"29","author":"F K\u00f6hler","year":"2009","journal-title":"MR."},{"issue":"2","key":"pntd.0013634.ref027","first-page":"205","article-title":"Through the looking-glass: shell morphology, anatomy and mating behavior of reversed Pomacea canaliculata (Caenogastropoda, Ampullariidae)","volume":"62","author":"NE Tamburi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Malacologia."},{"issue":"2","key":"pntd.0013634.ref028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1080\/13235818.2022.2064043","article-title":"Phenotypic plasticity of the invasive apple snail,Pomacea canaliculata, in China: a morphological differentiation analysis","volume":"42","author":"M Luo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Molluscan Research."},{"issue":"5","key":"pntd.0013634.ref029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0011038","article-title":"Angie-LAMP for diagnosis of human eosinophilic meningitis using dog as proxy: a LAMP assay for Angiostrongylus cantonensis DNA in cerebrospinal fluid","volume":"17","author":"V Bal\u00e1\u017e","year":"2023","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis."},{"issue":"7","key":"pntd.0013634.ref030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciaa1791","article-title":"AcanR3990 qPCR: a novel, highly sensitive, bioinformatically-informed assay to detect Angiostrongylus cantonensis Infections","volume":"73","author":"WJ Sears","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis."},{"key":"pntd.0013634.ref031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/fqsafe\/fyae042","article-title":"Low potential of fish as a source of infection with Angiostrongylus cantonensis","volume":"8","author":"L Anettov\u00e1","year":"2024","journal-title":"Food Quality and Safety."},{"key":"pntd.0013634.ref032","article-title":"Newly developed SYBR Green-based quantitative real-time PCRs revealed coinfection evidence of Angiostrongylus cantonensis and A. malaysiensis in Achatina fulica existing in Bangkok Metropolitan, Thailand","volume":"23","author":"W Jakkul","year":"2021","journal-title":"Food Waterborne Parasitol."},{"issue":"1","key":"pntd.0013634.ref033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-023-05653-z","article-title":"Range of metastrongylids (superfamily Metastrongyloidea) of public health and veterinary concern present in livers of the endemic lizard Gallotia galloti of Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain","volume":"16","author":"E Izquierdo-Rodriguez","year":"2023","journal-title":"Parasit Vectors."},{"issue":"3","key":"pntd.0013634.ref034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-2836(05)80360-2","article-title":"Basic local alignment search tool","volume":"215","author":"SF Altschul","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Mol Biol."},{"issue":"3","key":"pntd.0013634.ref035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"913","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-015-4849-5","article-title":"Angiostrongylus cantonensis in the vector snails Pomacea canaliculata and Achatina fulica in China: a meta-analysis","volume":"115","author":"L Song","year":"2016","journal-title":"Parasitol Res."},{"issue":"6","key":"pntd.0013634.ref036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"693","DOI":"10.1007\/s10530-006-9069-6","article-title":"Rapid spread of an invasive snail in South America: the giant African snail, Achatina fulica, in Brasil","volume":"9","author":"SC Thiengo","year":"2006","journal-title":"Biol Invasions."},{"issue":"3","key":"pntd.0013634.ref037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"416","DOI":"10.7705\/biomedica.7051","article-title":"First identification of Angiostrongylus spp. in Lissachatina fulica and Cornu aspersum in Antioquia, Colombia","volume":"44","author":"R Gamarra-Rueda","year":"2024","journal-title":"Biomedica."},{"key":"pntd.0013634.ref038","unstructured":"Ervilita R, Mardhiah A. Local wisdom of the Aceh Jaya society in terms of indigenous cuisine that can be learned in chemistry learning in schools. In: Proceedings of International Conference on Multidiciplinary Research. 2022. p. 134\u201346."},{"issue":"1","key":"pntd.0013634.ref039","first-page":"40","article-title":"Food preference and diet overlap of two endemic and threatened freshwater fishes, depik (Rasbora tawarensis) and kawan (Poropuntius tawarensis) in Lake Laut Tawar, Indonesia","volume":"8","author":"ZA Muchlisin","year":"2015","journal-title":"Aquaculture, Aquarium, Conservation & Legislation."},{"issue":"6","key":"pntd.0013634.ref040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"851","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens12060851","article-title":"An overview of Angiostrongylus cantonensis (Nematoda: Angiostrongylidae), an emerging cause of human angiostrongylosis on the Indian Subcontinent","volume":"12","author":"D Pandian","year":"2023","journal-title":"Pathogens."}],"updated-by":[{"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0013634","type":"new_version","label":"New version","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,5]],"date-time":"2025-11-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1762300800000}}],"container-title":["PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.0013634","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,5]],"date-time":"2025-11-05T18:46:00Z","timestamp":1762368360000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.0013634"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Alessandra","family":"Morassutti","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,30]]},"references-count":40,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,30]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.0013634","relation":{},"ISSN":["1935-2735"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1935-2735","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,30]]}}}