{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T20:52:17Z","timestamp":1792788737606,"version":"4.5.0"},"update-to":[{"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0013715","type":"new_version","label":"New version","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,21]],"date-time":"2025-11-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1763683200000}}],"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,10]],"date-time":"2025-11-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1762732800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82160398"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82160398"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"the Technological Innovation Talent Team of Scientific and Technological Department of Guizhou Province, China","award":["ZDSYS[2023]004, CXTD[2022]004"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZDSYS[2023]004, CXTD[2022]004"]}]},{"name":"Central-Guided Local Science and Technology Projects of Guizhou Province, China","award":["Qiankehe[2025]024"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Qiankehe[2025]024"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosntds.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS Negl Trop Dis"],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Titanium dioxide (TiO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    ) exhibits bactericidal, fungicidal, and virucidal effects under ultraviolet light irradiation. However, there are few reports on the photocatalytic effect of TiO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    against parasitic eggs. This study aims to preliminarily investigate the effect of TiO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    photocatalysis on the inactivation of\n                    <jats:italic>Hymenolepis nana<\/jats:italic>\n                    (\n                    <jats:italic>H<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                    <jats:italic>nana<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) eggs. We employed the trypan blue staining method to assess the survival rate of 100 insect eggs, investigating the roles of light, TiO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    concentration, solution pH and light intensity in the process of inactivating eggs with TiO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    . Morphological and structural damage to the eggs was observed using electron microscopy. The levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) within the eggs were measured using a fluorescent enzyme labeler, and the infectivity of TiO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    -treated eggs was evaluated by oral-gavage in mice (8 mice per group). The results showed that under mercury lamp irradiation, with a TiO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    concentration of 1.0\u2009mg\/L, pH values ranging from 6 to 8, light intensity of 0.50 mW\/cm\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    , and photocatalytic exposure for 2\u2009h effectively inactivated\n                    <jats:italic>H<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                    <jats:italic>nana<\/jats:italic>\n                    eggs. Electron microscopy revealed that TiO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    photocatalysis caused eggs shrinkage and collapse of the spherical structure, along with the decrease number of mitochondria within the eggs. The TiO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    photocatalysis resulted in an increase in ROS content and a decrease in ATP content in eggs. These findings indicate that TiO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    photocatalysis disrupts the structural integrity and mitochondrial function of\n                    <jats:italic>H<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                    <jats:italic>nana<\/jats:italic>\n                    eggs by elevating ROS levels and depleting ATP, while simultaneously reducing the infection rate in mice to 12.5%. This study lays the groundwork for potential future applications of TiO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    -based photoenergy-mediated inactivation of parasitic eggs in wastewater and drinking water treatment, ultimately benefiting public health.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0013715","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,10]],"date-time":"2025-11-10T18:35:53Z","timestamp":1762799753000},"page":"e0013715","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["TiO2 eliminates Hymenolepis nana eggs via photocatalytic activity"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7340-4482","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Rong","family":"Mou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hongyan","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xuanyin","family":"Cui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaomao","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yi","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenting","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiujun","family":"Deng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jin","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6777-6290","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ke","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,10]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"pntd.0013715.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"684","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.20-1649","article-title":"A Comparison of the Risk for Chronic Fascioliasis between Children 3 to 5 Years and Children 6 to 12 Years of Age in the Cusco Region of Peru","volume":"105","author":"MB Tanabe","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"pntd.0013715.ref002","article-title":"Hymenolepiasis in a Pregnant Woman: A Case Report of Hymenolepis nana Infection","author":"V Kandi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"issue":"3","key":"pntd.0013715.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1253","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-015-4862-8","article-title":"The complete mitochondrial genome of the dwarf tapeworm Hymenolepis nana--a neglected zoonotic helminth","volume":"115","author":"T Cheng","year":"2016","journal-title":"Parasitol Res"},{"issue":"11","key":"pntd.0013715.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4293","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-016-5210-3","article-title":"Differential diagnosis and molecular characterization of Hymenolepis nana and Hymenolepis diminuta (Cestoda: Cyclophyllidea: Hymenolepididae) based on nuclear rDNA ITS2 gene marker","volume":"115","author":"S Sharma","year":"2016","journal-title":"Parasitol Res"},{"key":"pntd.0013715.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101580","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cimid.2020.101580","article-title":"A systematic review and meta-analysis of Hymenolepis nana in human and rodent hosts in Iran: A remaining public health concern","volume":"74","author":"F Goudarzi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis"},{"key":"pntd.0013715.ref006","unstructured":"Akil A, Al-Daoody K, Younes R, Ali R, Hamad KM. 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