{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,31]],"date-time":"2025-12-31T10:41:48Z","timestamp":1767177708062,"version":"build-2238731810"},"update-to":[{"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0013723","type":"new_version","label":"New version","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,14]],"date-time":"2025-11-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1763078400000}}],"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,11]],"date-time":"2025-11-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1762819200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosntds.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS Negl Trop Dis"],"abstract":"\n Background<\/jats:title>\n Despite multiple rounds of mass drug administration (MDA), schistosomiasis remains a major public health problem in Yemen. This study assessed the burden of schistosomiasis among schoolchildren in mesoendemic districts over a decade after the 2014 national mapping in the context of the ongoing humanitarian crisis, conflict, and disrupted control efforts.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n \n A cross-sectional study was conducted among 348 schoolchildren aged 5\u201315 years in three randomly selected mesoendemic districts: Al Husha, Bura, and Habur Zulaymah districts. Data on sociodemographics and potential risk factors were collected using a pilot-tested, structured questionnaire. Parasitological examinations for\n Schistosoma haematobium<\/jats:italic>\n and\n S. mansoni<\/jats:italic>\n were performed using urine filtration and Kato-Katz techniques, respectively. Independent predictors of infection were identified using multivariable binary logistic regression.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n The overall schistosomiasis prevalence among schoolchildren was 21% (95% CI: 17, 25), with 13.5% infected with\n S. haematobium<\/jats:italic>\n , 6% with\n S. mansoni<\/jats:italic>\n , and 1.4% co-infected. Compared to 2014, prevalence increased across all study districts, particularly for\n S. haematobium<\/jats:italic>\n . Most infections were of light intensity. Infection with\n S. haematobium<\/jats:italic>\n was significantly associated with dysuria, macrohematuria, microhematuria, and proteinuria. Independent predictors of schistosomiasis included male gender (AOR\u2009=\u20092.6; 95% CI: 1.34, 4.82;\n P<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20090.003), age\u2009\u2265\u200910 years (AOR\u2009=\u20092.4; 95% CI: 1.20, 4.92;\n P<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20090.013), household size larger than eight members (AOR\u2009=\u20092.4; 95% CI: 1.28, 4.63;\n P<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20090.007), and contact with open water sources (AOR\u2009=\u20092.5; 95% CI: 1.20, 5.19;\n P<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20090.014).\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n \n Despite multiple MDA campaigns, schistosomiasis remains moderately endemic in the districts of Yemen classified as mesoendemic in 2014, with an increased\n S. haematobium<\/jats:italic>\n prevalence. While MDA has reduced the prevalence of heavy infections, transmission persists. These findings underscore the need for an integrated strategy combining biannual MDA, health education, improved sanitation, and environmental management to interrupt transmission.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0013723","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,11]],"date-time":"2025-11-11T18:39:43Z","timestamp":1762886383000},"page":"e0013723","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Epidemiological burden of schistosomiasis among schoolchildren in conflict-stricken mesoendemic districts of Yemen: A decade after national mapping"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4308-1133","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Walid M. S.","family":"Al-Murisi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yahia A.","family":"Raja\u2019a","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Abdulsalam M.","family":"Al-Mekhlafi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rashad","family":"Abdul-Ghani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Majid A.","family":"Al Samawi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"pntd.0013723.ref001","volume-title":"Guideline on Control and Elimination of Human Schistosomiasis","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2022"},{"issue":"10159","key":"pntd.0013723.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1859","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)32335-3","article-title":"Global, regional, and national disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) for 359 diseases and injuries and healthy life expectancy (HALE) for 195 countries and territories, 1990-2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017","volume":"392","author":"GBD 2017 DALYs and HALE Collaborators","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"pntd.0013723.ref003","volume-title":"Schistosomiasis and soil-transmitted helminthiases: progress report, 2020","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2020"},{"issue":"9541","key":"pntd.0013723.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1106","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(06)69440-3","article-title":"Human schistosomiasis","volume":"368","author":"B Gryseels","year":"2006","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"pntd.0013723.ref005","unstructured":"United Nations Children\u2019s Fund. Yemen crisis. 2024. https:\/\/www.unicef.org\/emergencies\/yemen-crisis"},{"key":"pntd.0013723.ref006","unstructured":"World Bank. Yemen. 2024. https:\/\/www.worldbank.org\/en\/country\/yemen"},{"issue":"11","key":"pntd.0013723.ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"617","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trstmh.2011.07.013","article-title":"Towards nationwide control of schistosomiasis in Yemen: a pilot project to expand treatment to the whole community","volume":"105","author":"A Oshish","year":"2011","journal-title":"Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg"},{"issue":"3","key":"pntd.0013723.ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0010092","article-title":"National mapping of schistosomiasis, soil-transmitted helminthiasis and anaemia in Yemen: Towards better national control and elimination","volume":"16","author":"NA Johari","year":"2022","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"issue":"9","key":"pntd.0013723.ref009","article-title":"Intestinal schistosomiasis among schoolchildren in Sana\u2019a Governorate, Yemen: Prevalence, associated factors and its effect on nutritional status and 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