{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,13]],"date-time":"2026-02-13T12:04:15Z","timestamp":1770984255726,"version":"3.50.1"},"update-to":[{"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0013741","type":"new_version","label":"New version","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,2]],"date-time":"2025-12-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764633600000}}],"reference-count":98,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,17]],"date-time":"2025-11-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1763337600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosntds.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS Negl Trop Dis"],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Ticks are ectoparasites of high sanitary relevance because they host and transmit a multitude of pathogens to vertebrates. A comprehensive understanding of their distribution and abundance is essential for the implementation of effective measures to prevent tick-borne pathogen transmission and tick-borne disease occurrence. Therefore, this study aimed to identify the most environmentally suitable areas and the spatial variation in abundance of exophilic ticks in Castilla-La Mancha (CLM), a highly environmentally diverse meso-Mediterranean region in south-central Spain, where Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever is an emerging disease. For modelling tick questing abundance, we performed blanket dragging samplings in 20 sites of CLM from 2019 to 2022. For the environmental suitability modelling, the former survey was complemented with tick presence data from various sources. Along 513 blanket-dragging transects of 100 to 1,200 m long (median: 550 m), we collected 1,260 adult ticks of four species:\n                    <jats:italic>Hyalomma lusitanicum, Rhipicephalus bursa, Dermacentor marginatus,<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>Haemaphysalis punctata<\/jats:italic>\n                    . A specific questing abundance index that was estimated for each species and presence data at a 1x1km spatial scale was modelled using generalised linear mixed effects models and MaxEnt, respectively, with selected climatic and habitat variables. We observed that the relevant environmental predictors of tick abundance and suitability showed certain differences and similarities among species. However, in all cases, specific climatic and habitat factors were relevant predictors. The geographical patterns of abundance and suitability also differed among species, with\n                    <jats:italic>D. marginatus<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>R. bursa<\/jats:italic>\n                    showing more widespread patterns of both abundance and suitability. In contrast,\n                    <jats:italic>H. lusitanicum<\/jats:italic>\n                    displayed higher predicted abundance and environmental suitability in the west of the region, whereas eastern CLM was more suited for the presence and higher abundance of\n                    <jats:italic>H. punctata<\/jats:italic>\n                    . This study enhances our understanding of tick ecology in central Spain, offering critical insights for early warning systems and tick-borne disease prevention.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0013741","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,17]],"date-time":"2025-11-17T18:37:18Z","timestamp":1763404638000},"page":"e0013741","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Modelling tick abundance and environmental suitability in meso-Mediterranean landscapes for the prevention of tick-borne diseases"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8588-8592","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Sara","family":"Baz-Flores","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alfonso","family":"Peralbo-Moreno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cesar","family":"Herraiz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ra\u00fal","family":"Cuadrado-Mat\u00edas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Isabel G.","family":"Fern\u00e1ndez de Mera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0820-5292","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Francisco","family":"Ruiz-Fons","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"pntd.0013741.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1079\/9780851996325.0251","article-title":"Epidemiology of Lyme borreliosis","volume-title":"Lyme borreliosis: biology, epidemiology and control","author":"DT Dennis","year":"2002"},{"issue":"1","key":"pntd.0013741.ref002","first-page":"1764693","article-title":"Spatial tick bite exposure and associated risk factors in Scandinavia","volume":"10","author":"S Jore","year":"2020","journal-title":"Infect Ecol Epidemiol"},{"key":"pntd.0013741.ref003","author":"World Health Organization 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