{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,8]],"date-time":"2025-12-08T21:10:57Z","timestamp":1765228257644,"version":"3.46.0"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,8]],"date-time":"2025-12-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1765152000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Key Research and Development Program of Hainan Province","award":["ZDYF2024SHFZ083"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZDYF2024SHFZ083"]}]},{"name":"Hainan Province Health Technology Innovation Joint Project","award":["WSJK2024MS226"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["WSJK2024MS226"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key R&D Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["2021YFC2300800"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021YFC2300800"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key R&D Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["2021YFC2300804"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021YFC2300804"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Technology Innovation Support Program of NIPD, China CDC","award":["TF2024012"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TF2024012"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosntds.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS Negl Trop Dis"],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>Angiostrongylus cantonensis<\/jats:italic>\n                    , the causative agent of human eosinophilic meningitis, utilizes terrestrial and freshwater gastropods as intermediate hosts. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying these host-parasite interactions remain unclear. We applied four-dimensional label-free quantitative (4D-LFQ) proteomics to examine proteomic alterations in infected versus uninfected specimens of two intermediate snail hosts,\n                    <jats:italic>Lissachatina fulica<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>Pomacea canaliculata<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were identified, followed by Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analyses. In infected\n                    <jats:italic>Lissachatina<\/jats:italic>\n                    , 36 proteins were upregulated and 104 downregulated, while in infected\n                    <jats:italic>Pomacea<\/jats:italic>\n                    , 94 were upregulated and 364 downregulated. GO analysis revealed 111 enriched terms linked to 71 DEPs in\n                    <jats:italic>Lissachatina<\/jats:italic>\n                    and 484 terms associated with 389 DEPs in\n                    <jats:italic>Pomacea<\/jats:italic>\n                    . KEGG pathway enrichment (Level 3) showed predominant downregulation, including 12 of 20 pathways in\n                    <jats:italic>Lissachatina<\/jats:italic>\n                    and 18 of 20 in\n                    <jats:italic>Pomacea<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Both species shared downregulation in essential pathways: ribosome, proteasome, aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis (genetic information processing); glycolysis\/gluconeogenesis, pyruvate metabolism, sulfur metabolism (metabolic); and phagosome formation and endocytosis (immune-related). Protein\u2013protein association (PPA) analysis identified conserved hub proteins, Tr-type G domain and T-complex chaperonins, indicating coordinated disruption of translational and proteostatic processes in both groups. Our findings suggest that\n                    <jats:italic>A. cantonensis<\/jats:italic>\n                    can modulate host immunity and metabolism, suppressing key protective responses in both gastropod hosts. This proteomic data may serve as a foundation for discovering biomarkers and designing interventions to disrupt the parasite\u2019s life cycle.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0013812","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,8]],"date-time":"2025-12-08T18:27:34Z","timestamp":1765218454000},"page":"e0013812","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Proteomic profiles of Lissachatina (Heterobranchia) and Pomacea (Caenogastropoda) snails infected with Angiostrongylus cantonensis using 4D label-free quantitative analysis"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9922-7891","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Peter S.","family":"Andrus","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Li-min","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qing-chi","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhi-heng","family":"Qi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhi-ying","family":"Hou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiao-nen","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Si-yuan","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kun","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jun-hu","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Robbie","family":"Rae","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christopher M.","family":"Wade","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yun-hai","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiao-nong","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"pntd.0013812.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"596944","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2020.596944","article-title":"COVID-19\u2014Zoonosis or emerging infectious disease?","volume":"8","author":"N Haider","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Public Health"},{"key":"pntd.0013812.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1016\/S0065-308X(10)73008-6","article-title":"The drugs we have and the drugs we need against major helminth infections","volume":"73","author":"J Keiser","year":"2010","journal-title":"Adv Parasitol"},{"issue":"4","key":"pntd.0013812.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"867","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2017.03.005","article-title":"The Global State of Helminth Control and Elimination in Children","volume":"64","author":"JE Weatherhead","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pediatr Clin North Am"},{"issue":"3","key":"pntd.0013812.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.3495","article-title":"The genomic basis of parasitism in the Strongyloides clade of nematodes","volume":"48","author":"VL Hunt","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"issue":"5","key":"pntd.0013812.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1016\/j.kjms.2010.12.013","article-title":"Eosinophilic meningitis risk associated with raw Ampullarium canaliculatus snails consumption","volume":"27","author":"J-J Wang","year":"2011","journal-title":"Kaohsiung J Med Sci"},{"key":"pntd.0013812.ref006","first-page":"637","article-title":"Angiostrongyliasis cantonensis","volume":"25","author":"XG Cheng","year":"2007","journal-title":"Chin J Infect Dis"},{"issue":"6","key":"pntd.0013812.ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1166","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.22-0360","article-title":"Neuroangiostrongyliasis: Global Spread of an Emerging Tropical Disease","volume":"107","author":"RH Cowie","year":"2022","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"issue":"10","key":"pntd.0013812.ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1214","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens12101214","article-title":"Angiostrongyliasis: A Changing Scenario?","volume":"12","author":"F Bruschi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Pathogens"},{"issue":"4","key":"pntd.0013812.ref009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-011-1328-5","article-title":"Human Angiostrongylus cantonensis: an update","volume":"31","author":"Q-P Wang","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis"},{"key":"pntd.0013812.ref010","first-page":"6","article-title":"Biology, systematics, life cycle, and distribution of Angiostrongylus cantonensis, the cause of rat lungworm disease","volume":"72","author":"RH Cowie","year":"2013","journal-title":"Hawaii J Med Public Health"},{"key":"pntd.0013812.ref011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100426","DOI":"10.1016\/j.onehlt.2022.100426","article-title":"Paratenic hosts of Angiostrongylus cantonensis and their relation to human neuroangiostrongyliasis globally","volume":"15","author":"HC Turck","year":"2022","journal-title":"One Health"},{"key":"pntd.0013812.ref012","unstructured":"Niebuhr CN, Jarvi SI, Siers SR. A review of rat lungworm infection and recent data on its definitive hosts in Hawai\u2018i. In: Proc Vertebrate Pest Conf, 2018. 1\u20135."},{"issue":"5","key":"pntd.0013812.ref013","article-title":"Monitoring the trends of Angiostrongylus cantonensis infection in humans and Pomacea spp. snails in Dali, Yunnan, China, 2007\u20132021","volume":"19","author":"T Li","year":"2025","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"issue":"4","key":"pntd.0013812.ref014","first-page":"185","article-title":"Progress in the investigation of Angiostrongylus cantonensis intermediate host snails","volume":"20","author":"YH Guo","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Trop Dis Parasitol"},{"issue":"2","key":"pntd.0013812.ref015","article-title":"Invasive snails and an emerging infectious disease: results from the first national survey on Angiostrongylus cantonensis in China","volume":"3","author":"S Lv","year":"2009","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"issue":"3","key":"pntd.0013812.ref016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"913","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-015-4849-5","article-title":"Angiostrongylus cantonensis in the vector snails Pomacea canaliculata and Achatina fulica in China: a meta-analysis","volume":"115","author":"L Song","year":"2016","journal-title":"Parasitol Res"},{"key":"pntd.0013812.ref017","first-page":"512097","article-title":"Interface Molecules of Angiostrongylus cantonensis: Their Role in Parasite Survival and Modulation of Host Defenses","volume":"2012","author":"AL Morassutti","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int J Inflam"},{"issue":"3","key":"pntd.0013812.ref018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens5030058","article-title":"Parasitic Nematode Immunomodulatory Strategies: Recent Advances and Perspectives","volume":"5","author":"D Cooper","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pathogens"},{"issue":"1","key":"pntd.0013812.ref019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-020-04038-w","article-title":"Angiostrongylus cantonensis Galectin-1 interacts with Annexin A2 to impair the viability of macrophages via activating JNK pathway","volume":"13","author":"X Shi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Parasit Vectors"},{"key":"pntd.0013812.ref020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4419-8059-5_2","article-title":"Gastropod immunobiology","volume":"708","author":"ES Loker","year":"2010","journal-title":"Adv Exp Med Biol"},{"issue":"1","key":"pntd.0013812.ref021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-016-1961-z","article-title":"Gastropod-derived haemocyte extracellular traps entrap metastrongyloid larval stages of Angiostrongylus vasorum, Aelurostrongylus abstrusus and Troglostrongylus brevior","volume":"10","author":"MK Lange","year":"2017","journal-title":"Parasit Vectors"},{"key":"pntd.0013812.ref022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103579","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dci.2019.103579","article-title":"Physiology and immunity of the invasive giant African snail, Achatina (Lissachatina) fulica, intermediate host of Angiostrongylus cantonensis","volume":"105","author":"MG Lima","year":"2020","journal-title":"Dev Comp Immunol"},{"issue":"1","key":"pntd.0013812.ref023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens13010034","article-title":"A Structural Analysis of Host-Parasite Interactions in Achatina fulica (Giant African Snail) Infected with Angiostrongylus cantonensis","volume":"13","author":"EJ Lopes-Torres","year":"2023","journal-title":"Pathogens"},{"key":"pntd.0013812.ref024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105684","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2020.105684","article-title":"Biomphalaria glabrata infected with Angiostrongylus cantonensis: Proteomic changes in the snail host","volume":"212","author":"TMF Mendes","year":"2020","journal-title":"Acta Trop"},{"issue":"4","key":"pntd.0013812.ref025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182025000435","article-title":"Infection with Angiostrongylus cantonensis reveals up- and down-regulation of the protein profile in the mucus of infected slugs","volume":"152","author":"J Borges Os\u00f3rio","year":"2025","journal-title":"Parasitology"},{"issue":"10","key":"pntd.0013812.ref026","article-title":"Development-specific differences in the proteomics of Angiostrongylus cantonensis","volume":"8","author":"H-C Huang","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"9","key":"pntd.0013812.ref027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3193","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-013-3495-z","article-title":"Transcriptome profiling of the fifth-stage larvae of Angiostrongylus cantonensis by next-generation sequencing","volume":"112","author":"L Wang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Parasitol Res"},{"issue":"10","key":"pntd.0013812.ref028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3591","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-014-4024-4","article-title":"Comparative studies on the proteomic expression patterns in the third- and fifth-stage larvae of Angiostrongylus cantonensis","volume":"113","author":"K-Y Chen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Parasitol Res"},{"issue":"6","key":"pntd.0013812.ref029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"718","DOI":"10.1645\/15-933","article-title":"Proteomic Analysis of Differentially Expressed Proteins in Intracranial Angiostrongylus cantonensis Larvae in Permissive and Non-Permissive Hosts","volume":"103","author":"D She","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Parasitol"},{"issue":"1","key":"pntd.0013812.ref030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2011.10.003","article-title":"Characterization of Angiostrongylus cantonensis excretory-secretory proteins as potential diagnostic targets","volume":"130","author":"AL Morassutti","year":"2012","journal-title":"Exp Parasitol"},{"issue":"12","key":"pntd.0013812.ref031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2534","DOI":"10.1074\/mcp.TIR118.000900","article-title":"Online Parallel Accumulation-Serial Fragmentation (PASEF) with a Novel Trapped Ion Mobility Mass Spectrometer","volume":"17","author":"F Meier","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mol Cell Proteomics"},{"key":"pntd.0013812.ref032","article-title":"Bioinformatic analysis of proteomics data","author":"A Schmidt","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMC Syst Biol"},{"issue":"1","key":"pntd.0013812.ref033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"618","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-016-1944-x","article-title":"Deep, multi-stage transcriptome of the schistosomiasis vector Biomphalaria glabrata provides platform for understanding molluscan disease-related pathways","volume":"16","author":"NJ Kenny","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"key":"pntd.0013812.ref034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jip.2014.10.001","article-title":"Biochemical profile of Achatina fulica (Mollusca: Gastropoda) after infection by different parasitic loads of Angiostrongylus cantonensis (Nematoda, Metastrongylidae)","volume":"124","author":"VM Tunholi-Alves","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Invertebr Pathol"},{"issue":"9","key":"pntd.0013812.ref035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1087","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182016000652","article-title":"Angiostrongylus cantonensis: a review of its distribution, molecular biology and clinical significance as a human pathogen","volume":"143","author":"J Barratt","year":"2016","journal-title":"Parasitology"},{"key":"pntd.0013812.ref036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dci.2015.11.008","article-title":"Pathogen-associated molecular patterns activate expression of genes involved in cell proliferation, immunity and detoxification in the amebocyte-producing organ of the snail Biomphalaria glabrata","volume":"56","author":"S-M Zhang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Dev Comp Immunol"},{"issue":"4","key":"pntd.0013812.ref037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1488","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0910268107","article-title":"BBS6, BBS10, and BBS12 form a complex with CCT\/TRiC family chaperonins and mediate BBSome assembly","volume":"107","author":"S Seo","year":"2010","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"pntd.0013812.ref038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"816398","DOI":"10.3389\/fmolb.2021.816398","article-title":"Functions and Regulation of Translation Elongation Factors","volume":"8","author":"B Xu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Mol Biosci"},{"issue":"1","key":"pntd.0013812.ref039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ympev.2009.09.019","article-title":"The long way to diversity--phylogeny and evolution of the Heterobranchia (Mollusca: Gastropoda)","volume":"55","author":"A Dinapoli","year":"2010","journal-title":"Mol Phylogenet Evol"},{"issue":"2","key":"pntd.0013812.ref040","first-page":"146","article-title":"Parasitism of molluscs by nematodes: types of associations and evolutionary trends","volume":"35","author":"PS Grewal","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Nematol"},{"key":"pntd.0013812.ref041","unstructured":"Konecny L. Snails as intermediate hosts for parasitic infections: host\u2013parasite relationships and intervention strategies [dissertation]. London: University College London; 2022."},{"issue":"3","key":"pntd.0013812.ref042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pt.2015.12.002","article-title":"Gastropod-Borne Helminths: A Look at the Snail-Parasite Interplay","volume":"32","author":"A Giannelli","year":"2016","journal-title":"Trends Parasitol"},{"issue":"4","key":"pntd.0013812.ref043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"717","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2427.2011.02579.x","article-title":"The emergence of angiostrongyliasis in China: the interplay between invasive snails, climate change and transmission dynamics","volume":"56","author":"S Lv","year":"2011","journal-title":"Freshw Biol"},{"issue":"4","key":"pntd.0013812.ref044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/pmic.201800314","article-title":"Toward the Molecular Deciphering of Pomacea canaliculata Immunity: First Proteomic Analysis of Circulating Hemocytes","volume":"19","author":"F Boraldi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Proteomics"},{"key":"pntd.0013812.ref045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111431","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molbiopara.2021.111431","article-title":"Comparative proteomics suggests the mode of action of a novel molluscicide against the invasive apple snail Pomacea canaliculata, intermediate host of Angiostrongylus cantonensis","volume":"247","author":"Y Xu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mol Biochem Parasitol"},{"issue":"8","key":"pntd.0013812.ref046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3467","DOI":"10.1002\/ps.6987","article-title":"iTRAQ-based quantitative proteomic analysis in liver of Pomacea canaliculata induced by oleanolic acid stress","volume":"78","author":"J Yu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Pest Manag Sci"},{"issue":"4","key":"pntd.0013812.ref047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1420","DOI":"10.1002\/ps.7311","article-title":"Proteomic analysis of digestive tract peptidases and lipases from the invasive gastropod Pomacea canaliculata","volume":"79","author":"S Escobar-Correas","year":"2023","journal-title":"Pest Manag Sci"},{"issue":"10","key":"pntd.0013812.ref048","first-page":"1049","article-title":"Pomacea canaliculata Ampullar Proteome: A Nematode-Based Bio-Pesticide Induces Changes in Metabolic and Stress-Related Pathways","volume":"10","author":"F Boraldi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biology (Basel)"},{"issue":"3","key":"pntd.0013812.ref049","first-page":"326","article-title":"Differential expression of a G-type lysozyme gene in Pomacea canaliculata after infection with Angiostrongylus cantonensis","volume":"37","author":"Z Yue","year":"2019","journal-title":"Chin J Parasitol Parasit Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"pntd.0013812.ref050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-024-06644-4","article-title":"A cost-effective strategy for identifying Angiostrongylus spp. larvae in Achatina fulica: combined morphological and molecular biology","volume":"18","author":"L Jiang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Parasit Vectors"},{"issue":"1","key":"pntd.0013812.ref051","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"298","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-024-06350-1","article-title":"A new diagnostic technique for identifying Angiostrongylus spp. larvae in intermediate snail species by examining the buccal cavity","volume":"17","author":"Y-B Zhao","year":"2024","journal-title":"Parasit Vectors"},{"issue":"3","key":"pntd.0013812.ref052","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"368","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btf877","article-title":"Identifying differentially expressed genes using false discovery rate controlling procedures","volume":"19","author":"A Reiner","year":"2003","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"}],"container-title":["PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.0013812","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,8]],"date-time":"2025-12-08T18:27:44Z","timestamp":1765218464000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.0013812"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Alessandra","family":"Morassutti,","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"editor","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,8]]},"references-count":52,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,8]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.0013812","relation":{},"ISSN":["1935-2735"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1935-2735","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,8]]}}}