{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,12]],"date-time":"2026-09-12T14:14:16Z","timestamp":1789222456723,"version":"build-2803163510"},"update-to":[{"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0013835","type":"new_version","label":"New version","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,29]],"date-time":"2025-12-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1766966400000}}],"reference-count":60,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,22]],"date-time":"2025-12-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1766361600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004901","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Amparo \u00e0 Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["APQ-01822\u201318; Projeto Rede"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["APQ-01822\u201318; Projeto Rede"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004901","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003593","name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["310531\/2023-3"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["310531\/2023-3"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003593","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Instituto Nacional de Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia de Vacinas \u2013 INCTV"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007375","name":"Pr\u00f3-Reitoria de Pesquisa, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007375","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosntds.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS Negl Trop Dis"],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>Trypanosoma cruzi<\/jats:italic>\n                    , the causative agent of Chagas disease (CD), exhibits remarkable genetic diversity, classified into six discrete typing units (DTUs), and one additional DTU, TcBat, primarily associated with bats. These DTUs are distributed differentially across CD-endemic regions, posing significant challenges for molecular and serological diagnosis, as test performance often varies geographically. Identifying conserved genomic regions shared among parasites circulating in distinct endemic areas is therefore essential. However, complete or semi-complete genome assemblies are available for only a limited number of strains, insufficiently capturing intra- and inter-DTU variability, particularly within repetitive multigene families. A wealth of raw\n                    <jats:italic>T. cruzi<\/jats:italic>\n                    genomic reads is publicly available, offering an opportunity to investigate highly repetitive, high-copy number sequences that are difficult to assemble but potentially valuable for improving diagnostic sensitivity. In this study, we applied a read-based bioinformatics pipeline to analyze data from six DTUs (TcI\u2013TcVI), generating 80-mer fragments and clustering them to identify conserved sequences. Consensus sequences from conserved clusters were used to design synthetic peptides, which were evaluated serologically with samples from chronically infected individuals from Brazil, Bolivia, and Peru. Four peptides from the conserved C-terminal region of mucin family proteins demonstrated robust diagnostic performance (AUC: 0.8783-0.9353), with particularly high values obtained with sera from Brazilian and Bolivian patients. Overall, our results demonstrate that k-mer-based, assembly-free approaches can successfully identify conserved antigens across genetically diverse\n                    <jats:italic>T. cruzi<\/jats:italic>\n                    populations, underscoring their value as discovery tools for potential serological markers. While the peptides identified here represent promising candidates, validation in larger and more geographically diverse cohorts will be essential to establish their broader diagnostic applicability. Importantly, similar genome-informed strategies may also be leveraged to guide the discovery of diagnostic targets for other infectious diseases.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0013835","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,22]],"date-time":"2025-12-22T18:33:43Z","timestamp":1766428423000},"page":"e0013835","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["K-mer-based approach for serodiagnostic antigen discovery in Chagas disease using unassembled sequencing reads"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Nathan Ravi Medeiros","family":"Honorato","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laila Viana","family":"de Almeida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jo\u00e3o Lu\u00eds","family":"Reis-Cunha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Van\u00eassa Gomes","family":"Fraga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel Menezes","family":"Souza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ramon Vieira","family":"Nunes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"F\u00e1tima","family":"Ribeiro-Dias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Edward Valencia","family":"Ayala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeffery A.","family":"Noble","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexandre Ferreira","family":"Marques","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M. 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