{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,10]],"date-time":"2026-03-10T06:27:21Z","timestamp":1773124041239,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,9]],"date-time":"2026-03-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773014400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100012545","name":"Stiftung f\u00fcr wissenschaftliche Forschung an der Universit\u00e4t Z\u00fcrich","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100012545","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004784","name":"Novartis Stiftung f\u00fcr Medizinisch-Biologische Forschung","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["21A012"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["21A012"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004784","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosntds.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS Negl Trop Dis"],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>Giardia lamblia<\/jats:italic>\n                    (syn.\n                    <jats:italic>intestinalis<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>duodenalis<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) is the causative agent of\n                    <jats:italic>Giardia<\/jats:italic>\n                    sis, a diarrheal disease of global medical importance, especially problematic in young children living in unhygienic, resource-constrained settings. Diagnostics of potential\n                    <jats:italic>Giardia<\/jats:italic>\n                    infections are generally done through classic light-microscopy stool examination. This is often insufficient, and ELISA-based fluorescence detection using costly proprietary reagents is employed. These reagents are often not affordable in contexts where they are needed the most, and this limits their use to resource-rich settings where\n                    <jats:italic>Giardia<\/jats:italic>\n                    sis is rarely problematic. To address these issues in medical equity while designing novel strategies to investigate the\n                    <jats:italic>Giardia<\/jats:italic>\n                    cyst wall, we report on the development and characterisation of alpaca derived single-domain antibodies, known as nanoantibodies, elicited against\n                    <jats:italic>G. lamblia<\/jats:italic>\n                    enriched cyst-wall preparations. We evaluated the effectiveness and binding capacity of twelve unique\n                    <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    -produced recombinant nanoantibody sequences for\n                    <jats:italic>Giardia<\/jats:italic>\n                    cyst wall detection and provide proof of concept for the effectiveness and versatility of these protein domains.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0013844","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,9]],"date-time":"2026-03-09T17:31:50Z","timestamp":1773077510000},"page":"e0013844","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Functionally-derivatized Nanoantibodies as novel tools for Giardia lamblia cyst detection"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Corina D.","family":"Wirdnam","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Timoth\u00e9","family":"Schaerer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Matthias","family":"Rubin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alexander","family":"Oberli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sa\u0161a","family":"\u0160tefani\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2110-4445","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Adrian 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