{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,20]],"date-time":"2026-04-20T23:17:17Z","timestamp":1776727037925,"version":"3.51.2"},"update-to":[{"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0013881","type":"new_version","label":"New version","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,8]],"date-time":"2026-01-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767830400000}}],"reference-count":95,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,5]],"date-time":"2026-01-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767571200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004587","name":"Instituto de Salud Carlos III","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["FIS AESI PI21CIII\/00031"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FIS AESI PI21CIII\/00031"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004587","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Bescos Manau family","award":["NA"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NA"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004837","name":"Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovaci\u00f3n","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["INT23\/00039"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["INT23\/00039"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004837","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosntds.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS Negl Trop Dis"],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Recent data on toxoplasmosis seroprevalence in Spain is limited, and pregnancy-screening programs are being discontinued. This study aimed to describe seroprevalence in pregnant women in Catalonia using newborn dried blood samples (DBS) from the Catalonian Newborn Screening (NBS) Program; as well as to assess detection of\n                    <jats:italic>Toxoplasma gondii<\/jats:italic>\n                    antibodies in DBS (Anti-\n                    <jats:italic>Toxoplasma gondii<\/jats:italic>\n                    ELISA (IgG\/IgM), Euroimmun Lubeck, Germany) as a NBS tool and for retrospective diagnosis of congenital toxoplasmosis (CT) in cases from the Spanish Research Network of Congenital Toxoplasmosis (REIV-TOXO). A total of 3,231 DBS samples from NBS program (September 2022\u2013August 2023) were randomly selected and analyzed, alongside with 30 DBS from CT confirmed cases. The overall seroprevalence of\n                    <jats:italic>T. gondii<\/jats:italic>\n                    IgG in pregnant women was 15.5% (95%CI: 14.33-16.85), higher in foreign women 22.6%, particularly Latin American (30.3%). Analysis of DBS from CT cases showed concordance in IgG detection but only 3.3% (1\/30) were IgM positive despite 37% (10\/27) having positive serum IgM at birth. In conclusion, IgG analysis in newborn DBS provides valuable information on pregnant seroprevalence. However, its value for identifying CT cases in retrospective diagnosis or as neonatal screening is poor given the low IgM detection. Thus, prenatal screening remains the most effective approach to identify children at risk.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0013881","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,5]],"date-time":"2026-01-05T19:42:43Z","timestamp":1767642163000},"page":"e0013881","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Using dried blood spots to estimate Toxoplasma gondii seroprevalence in pregnant women in Catalonia, Spain, and to serologically diagnose congenital toxoplasmosis"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8601-0191","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Borja","family":"Guarch-Ib\u00e1\u00f1ez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ana","family":"Argudo-Ram\u00edrez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Clara","family":"Carreras-Abad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marie Antoinette","family":"Frick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Bl\u00e1zquez-Gamero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fernando","family":"Baquero-Artigao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Judit","family":"Garc\u00eda-Villoira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"name":"the Spanish REIV-TOXO group","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pere","family":"Soler-Palac\u00edn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Isabel","family":"Fuentes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,5]]},"reference":[{"issue":"6","key":"pntd.0013881.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"673","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2020.01.008","article-title":"Global prevalence of latent toxoplasmosis in pregnant women: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"26","author":"A Rostami","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Infect"},{"issue":"3","key":"pntd.0013881.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jogoh.2017.12.003","article-title":"An updated literature review on maternal-fetal and reproductive disorders of Toxoplasma gondii infection","volume":"47","author":"S Fallahi","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Gynecol Obstet Hum Reprod"},{"issue":"2","key":"pntd.0013881.ref003","article-title":"The Spanish Society of Pediatric Infectious Diseases Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of congenital toxoplasmosis","volume":"79","author":"F Baquero-Artigao","year":"2013","journal-title":"An Pediatr (Barc)"},{"key":"pntd.0013881.ref004","first-page":"918","article-title":"Toxoplasmosis.","volume-title":"Infectious Diseases of the Fetus and Newborn Infant","author":"JS Remington","year":"2011","edition":"7"},{"issue":"12","key":"pntd.0013881.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1406","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182021001013","article-title":"Congenital toxoplasmosis in humans: an update of worldwide rate of congenital infections","volume":"148","author":"JP Dubey","year":"2021","journal-title":"Parasitology"},{"issue":"9425","key":"pntd.0013881.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1965","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(04)16412-X","article-title":"Toxoplasmosis","volume":"363","author":"JG Montoya","year":"2004","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"1","key":"pntd.0013881.ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1038\/s41426-018-0164-4","article-title":"Global initiative for congenital toxoplasmosis: an observational and international comparative clinical analysis","volume":"7","author":"K El Bissati","year":"2018","journal-title":"Emerg Microbes Infect"},{"key":"pntd.0013881.ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2013.12.005","article-title":"Ocular toxoplasmosis past, present and new aspects of an old disease","volume":"39","author":"M Maenz","year":"2014","journal-title":"Prog Retin Eye Res"},{"issue":"6","key":"pntd.0013881.ref009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"973","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2003.09.040","article-title":"Ocular toxoplasmosis: a global reassessment. Part I: epidemiology and course of disease","volume":"136","author":"GN Holland","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"10","key":"pntd.0013881.ref010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1187","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens11101187","article-title":"Long-Term Outcomes in Children with Congenital Toxoplasmosis-A Systematic Review","volume":"11","author":"JG Garweg","year":"2022","journal-title":"Pathogens"},{"issue":"1","key":"pntd.0013881.ref011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12102","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-69078-9","article-title":"Global, regional, and country seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in pregnant women: a systematic review, modelling and meta-analysis","volume":"10","author":"JJ Bigna","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"7","key":"pntd.0013881.ref012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.2471\/BLT.12.111732","article-title":"The global burden of congenital toxoplasmosis: a systematic review","volume":"91","author":"PR Torgerson","year":"2013","journal-title":"Bull World Health Organ"},{"key":"pntd.0013881.ref013","volume-title":"Toxoplasmosis cong\u00e9nita en Espa\u00f1a, presente y futuro","author":"I De Fuentes Corripio","year":"2022"},{"issue":"5","key":"pntd.0013881.ref014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1515\/JPM.2000.043","article-title":"Prevention of congenital toxoplasmosis","volume":"28","author":"W Foulon","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Perinat Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"pntd.0013881.ref015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1515\/JPM.2004.039","article-title":"Prevention of toxoplasmosis during pregnancy--an epidemiologic survey over 22 consecutive years","volume":"32","author":"M Breugelmans","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Perinat Med"},{"issue":"10","key":"pntd.0013881.ref016","article-title":"Prenatal education for congenital toxoplasmosis","volume":"2015","author":"S Di Mario","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"issue":"3","key":"pntd.0013881.ref017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1136\/jms.9.3.135","article-title":"Congenital toxoplasmosis in the United Kingdom: to screen or not to screen?","volume":"9","author":"RE Gilbert","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Med Screen"},{"issue":"5","key":"pntd.0013881.ref018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1447","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-011-2393-5","article-title":"Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii infection among immigrant and native pregnant women in Eastern Spain","volume":"109","author":"JM Ramos","year":"2011","journal-title":"Parasitol Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"pntd.0013881.ref019","first-page":"108","article-title":"Marcadores serol\u00f3gicos de gestantes espa\u00f1olas e inmigrantes en un \u00e1rea del sur de Madrid durante el periodo 2007\u20132010","volume":"26","author":"F L\u00f3pez-Fabal","year":"2013","journal-title":"Rev Esp Quimioter"},{"issue":"3","key":"pntd.0013881.ref020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"621","DOI":"10.1007\/s44197-024-00258-w","article-title":"Prevalence of human toxoplasmosis in Spain throughout the three last decades (1993-2023): a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"14","author":"M Miguel-Vicedo","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Epidemiol Glob Health"},{"issue":"15","key":"pntd.0013881.ref021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2488","DOI":"10.3390\/ani13152488","article-title":"Prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in Endangered Wild Felines (Felis silvestris and Lynx pardinus) in Spain","volume":"13","author":"P Matas M\u00e9ndez","year":"2023","journal-title":"Animals (Basel)"},{"key":"pntd.0013881.ref022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173290","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2024.173290","article-title":"Toxoplasma gondii exposure in wildlife in Spain: Is there any predictable threat for humans and domestic animals?","volume":"935","author":"D Gonz\u00e1lez-Barrio","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci Total Environ"},{"issue":"5","key":"pntd.0013881.ref023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.1080\/20477724.2020.1765125","article-title":"Validation of dried blood spots in monitoring toxoplasmosis","volume":"114","author":"MM Hegazy","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pathog Glob Health"},{"key":"pntd.0013881.ref024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"894573","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2022.894573","article-title":"Congenital Toxoplasmosis: The State of the Art","volume":"10","author":"L Bollani","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Pediatr"},{"issue":"10","key":"pntd.0013881.ref025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0012619","article-title":"REIV-TOXO Project: Results from a Spanish cohort of congenital toxoplasmosis (2015-2022). The beneficial effects of prenatal treatment on clinical outcomes of infected newborns","volume":"18","author":"B Guarch-Ib\u00e1\u00f1ez","year":"2024","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"issue":"13","key":"pntd.0013881.ref026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1693","DOI":"10.1002\/pd.5758","article-title":"Congenital toxoplasmosis: What is the evidence for chemoprophylaxis to prevent fetal infection?","volume":"40","author":"L Mandelbrot","year":"2020","journal-title":"Prenat Diagn"},{"issue":"2","key":"pntd.0013881.ref027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciu724","article-title":"The Austrian Toxoplasmosis Register, 1992-2008","volume":"60","author":"AR Prusa","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"9","key":"pntd.0013881.ref028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1223","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cit032","article-title":"Congenital toxoplasma infection: monthly prenatal screening decreases transmission rate and improves clinical outcome at age 3 years","volume":"56","author":"M Wallon","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"pntd.0013881.ref029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-14-33","article-title":"Congenital toxoplasmosis and prenatal care state programs","volume":"14","author":"MM Avelino","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"issue":"10","key":"pntd.0013881.ref030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1000351","article-title":"Prenatal treatment for serious neurological sequelae of congenital toxoplasmosis: an observational prospective cohort study","volume":"7","author":"M Cortina-Borja","year":"2010","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"issue":"11","key":"pntd.0013881.ref031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1545","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cis234","article-title":"Efficacy of rapid treatment initiation following primary Toxoplasma gondii infection during pregnancy","volume":"54","author":"A Hotop","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"pntd.0013881.ref032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1097\/INF.0b013e318134286d","article-title":"Risk factors for retinochoroiditis during the first 2 years of life in infants with treated congenital toxoplasmosis","volume":"27","author":"F Kieffer","year":"2008","journal-title":"Pediatr Infect Dis J"},{"key":"pntd.0013881.ref033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1051\/parasite\/2019013","article-title":"Congenital toxoplasmosis in the United States: clinical and serologic findings in infants born to mothers treated during pregnancy","volume":"26","author":"TR Olariu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Parasite"},{"issue":"4","key":"pntd.0013881.ref034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"386","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2018.05.031","article-title":"Prenatal therapy with pyrimethamine + sulfadiazine vs spiramycin to reduce placental transmission of toxoplasmosis: a multicenter, randomized trial","volume":"219","author":"L Mandelbrot","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"9","key":"pntd.0013881.ref035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0011544","article-title":"Gestational toxoplasmosis treatment changes the child\u2019s prognosis: A cohort study in southern Brazil","volume":"17","author":"AG Gomes Ferrari Strang","year":"2023","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"issue":"10","key":"pntd.0013881.ref036","first-page":"815","article-title":"A homogeneous series of 210 cases of congenital toxoplasmosis in 0 to 11-month-old infants detected prospectively","volume":"31","author":"J Couvreur","year":"1984","journal-title":"Ann Pediatr (Paris)"},{"key":"pntd.0013881.ref037","article-title":"A study of congenital toxoplasmosis, with particular emphasis on clinical manifestations, sequelae and therapy","author":"HF Eichenwald","year":"1960"},{"issue":"10","key":"pntd.0013881.ref038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1383","DOI":"10.1086\/501360","article-title":"Outcome of treatment for congenital toxoplasmosis, 1981-2004: the National Collaborative Chicago-Based, Congenital Toxoplasmosis Study","volume":"42","author":"R McLeod","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"6","key":"pntd.0013881.ref039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2010.06.002","article-title":"Long-term outcome of children with congenital toxoplasmosis","volume":"203","author":"A Berr\u00e9bi","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"1","key":"pntd.0013881.ref040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens8010024","article-title":"Maternal and Congenital Toxoplasmosis: Diagnosis and Treatment Recommendations of a French Multidisciplinary Working Group","volume":"8","author":"F Peyron","year":"2019","journal-title":"Pathogens"},{"issue":"4","key":"pntd.0013881.ref041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"554","DOI":"10.1086\/590149","article-title":"Management of Toxoplasma gondii infection during pregnancy","volume":"47","author":"JG Montoya","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"26","key":"pntd.0013881.ref042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1858","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199406303302604","article-title":"Neonatal serologic screening and early treatment for congenital Toxoplasma gondii infection. The New England Regional Toxoplasma Working Group","volume":"330","author":"NG Guerina","year":"1994","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"23","key":"pntd.0013881.ref043","first-page":"1168","article-title":"Toxoplasmosis and pregnancy--findings from umbilical cord blood screening in 30,000 newborn infants","volume":"125","author":"R Berger","year":"1995","journal-title":"Schweiz Med Wochenschr"},{"issue":"3","key":"pntd.0013881.ref044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.3109\/00365549509019019","article-title":"Detection by enzyme immunosorbent assay of Toxoplasma gondii IgG antibodies in dried blood spots on PKU-filter paper from newborns","volume":"27","author":"M Lebech","year":"1995","journal-title":"Scand J Infect Dis"},{"issue":"12","key":"pntd.0013881.ref045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3147","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.34.12.3147-3150.1996","article-title":"Multicenter evaluation of a fluorometric enzyme immunocapture assay to detect toxoplasma-specific immunoglobulin M in dried blood filter paper specimens from newborns","volume":"34","author":"RB Eaton","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"issue":"9167","key":"pntd.0013881.ref046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1834","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(98)11281-3","article-title":"Feasibility of neonatal screening for toxoplasma infection in the absence of prenatal treatment. Danish Congenital Toxoplasmosis Study Group","volume":"353","author":"M Lebech","year":"1999","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"5","key":"pntd.0013881.ref047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1912","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.39.5.1912-1916.2001","article-title":"Prevalence of congenital Toxoplasma gondii infection among newborns from the Pozna\u0144 region of Poland: validation of a new combined enzyme immunoassay for Toxoplasma gondii-specific immunoglobulin A and immunoglobulin M antibodies","volume":"39","author":"M Paul","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"issue":"8","key":"pntd.0013881.ref048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"661","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.2004.066514","article-title":"The national neonatal screening programme for congenital toxoplasmosis in Denmark: results from the initial four years, 1999-2002","volume":"91","author":"DR Schmidt","year":"2006","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child"},{"issue":"3","key":"pntd.0013881.ref049","first-page":"91","article-title":"Serological Screening of Newborns for Toxoplasma Gondii-Specific IgA and IgM Antibodies in Peripheral Blood Collected on Filter-Papers","volume":"18","author":"M Paul","year":"2007","journal-title":"EJIFCC"},{"issue":"11","key":"pntd.0013881.ref050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1349","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3156.2012.03079.x","article-title":"Birth prevalence and characteristics of congenital toxoplasmosis in Sergipe, North-east Brazil","volume":"17","author":"AD de Melo Inagaki","year":"2012","journal-title":"Trop Med Int Health"},{"issue":"8","key":"pntd.0013881.ref051","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2963","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.00106-14","article-title":"Evaluation of a new protocol for retrospective diagnosis of congenital toxoplasmosis by use of Guthrie cards","volume":"52","author":"A Marangoni","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"issue":"13","key":"pntd.0013881.ref052","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16122","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-020-11707-x","article-title":"Molecular and serological study on congenital toxoplasmosis in newborn of Shiraz, Southern Iran","volume":"28","author":"M Omidian","year":"2021","journal-title":"Environ Sci Pollut Res Int"},{"issue":"5","key":"pntd.0013881.ref053","article-title":"First Colombian multicentric newborn screening for congenital toxoplasmosis","volume":"5","author":"JE G\u00f3mez-Marin","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"pntd.0013881.ref054","volume":"30","author":"B Guarch-Ib\u00e1\u00f1ez","year":"2024","journal-title":"Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin"},{"key":"pntd.0013881.ref055","unstructured":"Departament d\u2019Acci\u00f3 Clim\u00e0tica, Alimentaci\u00f3 i Agenda Rural. https:\/\/agricultura.gencat.cat\/ca\/departament\/estadistiques\/publicacions\/opuscles\/observatori-mon-rural\/visualitzacio-indicadors\/ 2024 August 1."},{"issue":"3","key":"pntd.0013881.ref056","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0248218","article-title":"Reliability of dried blood spot (DBS) cards in antibody measurement: A systematic review","volume":"16","author":"F Amini","year":"2021","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"1","key":"pntd.0013881.ref057","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1016\/S0025-7753(04)74396-1","article-title":"Toxoplasmosis y embarazo. Estudio multic\u00e9ntrico realizado en 16.362 gestantes de Barcelona","volume":"123","author":"C Mu\u00f1oz Batet","year":"2004","journal-title":"Med Clin (Barc)"},{"issue":"10","key":"pntd.0013881.ref058","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"694","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eimc.2010.04.007","article-title":"Marcadores serol\u00f3gicos en gestantes inmigrantes y aut\u00f3ctonas en Granada","volume":"28","author":"A Sampedro","year":"2010","journal-title":"Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin"},{"issue":"9","key":"pntd.0013881.ref059","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"512","DOI":"10.1016\/S0213-005X(04)73152-3","article-title":"Seroprevalence of antibodies against Treponema pallidum, Toxoplasma gondii, rubella virus, hepatitis B and C virus, and HIV in pregnant women","volume":"22","author":"N Guti\u00e9rrez-Zufiaurre","year":"2004","journal-title":"Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin"},{"issue":"3","key":"pntd.0013881.ref060","first-page":"151","volume":"16","author":"C Guerra Garc\u00eda","year":"1995","journal-title":"Aten primaria"},{"issue":"8","key":"pntd.0013881.ref061","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eimc.2009.11.004","article-title":"Diagn\u00f3stico serol\u00f3gico de los casos de toxoplasmosis cong\u00e9nita","volume":"28","author":"ML Roc","year":"2010","journal-title":"Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin"},{"issue":"2","key":"pntd.0013881.ref062","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eimc.2011.07.010","article-title":"Perfil serol\u00f3gico en gestantes extranjeras frente a VIH, VHB, VHC, virus de la rub\u00e9ola, Toxoplasma gondii, Treponema pallidum, y Trypanosoma cruzi","volume":"30","author":"B Santiago","year":"2012","journal-title":"Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin"},{"key":"pntd.0013881.ref063","volume-title":"Desarrollo de t\u00e9cnicas de ADN para el diagn\u00f3stico y caracterizaci\u00f3n de \u201cToxoplasma gondii\u201d: aplicaci\u00f3n a estudios epidemiol\u00f3gicos","author":"I Fuentes","year":"2005"},{"key":"pntd.0013881.ref064","unstructured":"Batista C, Mart\u00ednez Y, Gordo M, Rodr\u00edguez Y, Labeaga R, Llovet T, et al. Toxoplasmosis surveillance in a tertiary hospital in Barcelona, Spain. In: Barcelona, Spain, 2024."},{"key":"pntd.0013881.ref065","unstructured":"Rodr\u00edguez Ponce E. Seroprevalencia de la toxoplasmosis en las especies humana, caprina y bovina en Gran Canaria. 1994."},{"issue":"1","key":"pntd.0013881.ref066","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1097\/INF.0000000000000006","article-title":"Toxoplasmosis in pregnancy in an area with low seroprevalence: is prenatal screening still worthwhile?","volume":"33","author":"MG Capretti","year":"2014","journal-title":"Pediatr Infect Dis J"},{"issue":"12","key":"pntd.0013881.ref067","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2049","DOI":"10.1080\/14767058.2018.1424822","article-title":"Coverage and outcomes of antenatal tests for infections: a population based survey in the Province of Trento, Italy","volume":"32","author":"M Dalmartello","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"pntd.0013881.ref068","first-page":"603","article-title":"Toxoplasma gondii infection during pregnancy: a ten-year observation in the province of Trento, Italy","volume":"28","author":"S Piffer","year":"2020","journal-title":"Infez Med"},{"issue":"7","key":"pntd.0013881.ref069","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101814","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jogoh.2020.101814","article-title":"Toxoplasmosis screening during pregnancy in France: Opinion of an expert panel for the CNGOF","volume":"49","author":"O Picone","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Gynecol Obstet Hum Reprod"},{"key":"pntd.0013881.ref070","unstructured":"Fluxos migratoris. Departament d\u2019Economia i Finances. https:\/\/economia.gencat.cat\/ca\/ambits-actuacio\/economia-catalana\/trets\/demografia-capital-huma-benestar\/fluxos-migratoris\/ 2025 March 14."},{"key":"pntd.0013881.ref071","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-016-1432-6","article-title":"Impact of environmental factors on the emergence, transmission and distribution of Toxoplasma gondii","volume":"9","author":"C Yan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Parasit Vectors"},{"issue":"2","key":"pntd.0013881.ref072","first-page":"123","article-title":"Formas alternas de transmisi\u00f3n de Toxoplasma gondii","volume":"10","author":"JE P\u00e9rez","year":"2024","journal-title":"Biosalud"},{"issue":"3","key":"pntd.0013881.ref073","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2007.77.405","article-title":"Toxoplasma gondii infection in the United States, 1999\u20132004, decline from the prior decade","volume":"77","author":"JL Jones","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"issue":"4","key":"pntd.0013881.ref074","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"530","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268810001044","article-title":"Decreased prevalence and age-specific risk factors for Toxoplasma gondii IgG antibodies in The Netherlands between 1995\/1996 and 2006\/2007","volume":"139","author":"A Hofhuis","year":"2011","journal-title":"Epidemiol Infect"},{"issue":"4","key":"pntd.0013881.ref075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.3347\/kjp.2012.50.4.287","article-title":"Serologic survey of toxoplasmosis in Seoul and Jeju-do, and a brief review of its seroprevalence in Korea","volume":"50","author":"H Lim","year":"2012","journal-title":"Korean J Parasitol"},{"issue":"1","key":"pntd.0013881.ref076","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2009.81.171","article-title":"A community-based survey of human toxoplasmosis in rural Amazonia: seroprevalence, seroconversion rate, and associated risk factors","volume":"81","author":"MU Ferreira","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"issue":"12","key":"pntd.0013881.ref077","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1385","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2009.04.003","article-title":"Toxoplasmosis snapshots: global status of Toxoplasma gondii seroprevalence and implications for pregnancy and congenital toxoplasmosis","volume":"39","author":"G Pappas","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int J Parasitol"},{"issue":"2","key":"pntd.0013881.ref078","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182011001880","article-title":"Toxoplasma gondii infection in pregnant women in China","volume":"139","author":"X-J Gao","year":"2012","journal-title":"Parasitology"},{"issue":"1","key":"pntd.0013881.ref079","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11060","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-38270-y","article-title":"Congenital toxoplasmosis among hospitalized infants in Poland in the years 2007-2021: study based on the national hospital registry","volume":"13","author":"M Rz\u0105d","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"3","key":"pntd.0013881.ref080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.5603\/GP.a2017.0029","article-title":"Assessment of the implementation of the infectious diseases screening programmes among pregnant women in the Lesser Poland region and comparison with similar programmes conducted in other European Union countries","volume":"88","author":"M Rado\u0144-Pokracka","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ginekol Pol"},{"issue":"8","key":"pntd.0013881.ref081","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2626","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.00893-09","article-title":"Recovery of anti-Toxoplasma gondii immunoglobulin M in stored guthrie card blood spots","volume":"47","author":"H-K Tan","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"issue":"11","key":"pntd.0013881.ref082","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"825","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-004-1226-1","article-title":"Delayed maturation of IgG avidity in congenital toxoplasmosis","volume":"23","author":"W Buffolano","year":"2004","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis"},{"key":"pntd.0013881.ref083","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fawpar.2022.e00162","article-title":"Congenital toxoplasmosis: Should we still care about screening?","volume":"27","author":"E Petersen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Food Waterborne Parasitol"},{"issue":"10","key":"pntd.0013881.ref084","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2448","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.00487-16","article-title":"Laboratory Diagnosis of Congenital Toxoplasmosis","volume":"54","author":"C Pomares","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"pntd.0013881.ref085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.01368-20","article-title":"Maternal Anti-Toxoplasma Treatment during Pregnancy Is Associated with Reduced Sensitivity of Diagnostic Tests for Congenital Infection in the Neonate","volume":"59","author":"H Guegan","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"pntd.0013881.ref086","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/S0301-2115(00)00300-6","article-title":"Neonatal screening for congenital toxoplasmosis in a cohort of 165 women infected during pregnancy and influence of in utero treatment on the results of neonatal tests","volume":"94","author":"MH Bessi\u00e8res","year":"2001","journal-title":"Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol"},{"issue":"9","key":"pntd.0013881.ref087","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"639","DOI":"10.2471\/BLT.16.187468","article-title":"A guide to aid the selection of diagnostic tests","volume":"95","author":"CS Kosack","year":"2017","journal-title":"Bull World Health Organ"},{"issue":"1","key":"pntd.0013881.ref088","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.35.1.174-178.1997","article-title":"False-positive results in immunoglobulin M (IgM) toxoplasma antibody tests and importance of confirmatory testing: the Platelia Toxo IgM test","volume":"35","author":"O Liesenfeld","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"pntd.0013881.ref089","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1080\/10647440500148024","article-title":"Commercial laboratory IgM testing for Toxoplasma gondii in pregnancy: a 20-year experience","volume":"13","author":"DJ Garry","year":"2005","journal-title":"Infect Dis Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"11","key":"pntd.0013881.ref090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3601","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.01663-15","article-title":"Significance of a Positive Toxoplasma Immunoglobulin M Test Result in the United States","volume":"53","author":"R Dhakal","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"pntd.0013881.ref091","author":"Public Health Service, Department of Health and Human Services (US), Food and Drug Administration","year":"1997"},{"issue":"5","key":"pntd.0013881.ref092","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0011335","article-title":"Novel paradigm enables accurate monthly gestational screening to prevent congenital toxoplasmosis and more","volume":"18","author":"Y Zhou","year":"2024","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"issue":"3","key":"pntd.0013881.ref093","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1007\/s11686-023-00693-y","article-title":"Congenital Toxoplasmosis Diagnosis: Current Approaches and New Insights","volume":"68","author":"A M\u00e1rquez-Mauricio","year":"2023","journal-title":"Acta Parasitol"},{"key":"pntd.0013881.ref094","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fawpar.2019.e00058","article-title":"Prevention and mitigation of congenital toxoplasmosis. Economic costs and benefits in diverse settings","volume":"16","author":"B Bobi\u0107","year":"2019","journal-title":"Food Waterborne Parasitol"},{"key":"pntd.0013881.ref095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cca.2010.11.028","article-title":"Effect of specimen storage conditions on newborn dried blood spots used to assess Toxoplasma gondii immunoglobulin M (IgM)","volume":"412","author":"JV Mei","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin Chim Acta"}],"updated-by":[{"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0013881","type":"new_version","label":"New version","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,8]],"date-time":"2026-01-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767830400000}}],"container-title":["PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.0013881","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,8]],"date-time":"2026-01-08T18:41:32Z","timestamp":1767897692000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.0013881"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Jean Joel","family":"Bigna","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"editor","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,5]]},"references-count":95,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,5]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.0013881","relation":{},"ISSN":["1935-2735"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1935-2735","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,5]]}}}