{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,22]],"date-time":"2026-01-22T04:43:28Z","timestamp":1769057008007,"version":"3.49.0"},"update-to":[{"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0013906","type":"new_version","label":"New version","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,16]],"date-time":"2026-01-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1768521600000}}],"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,8]],"date-time":"2026-01-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767830400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002322","name":"Coordena\u00c3\u00a7\u00c3\u00a3o de Aperfei\u00c3\u00a7oamento de Pessoal de N\u00c3vel Superior","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002322","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100016182","name":"Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100016182","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100015691","name":"Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["AI140718"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AI140718"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100015691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosntds.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS Negl Trop Dis"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"sec001\">\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Neutralizing antibodies (nAbs) play a central role in protection against Zika virus (ZIKV) infection. Higher maternal ZIKV nAb titers during pregnancy have been associated with reduced risk of congenital anomalies. However, limited data exist on the long-term persistence of these antibodies in women infected during pregnancy and in children exposed\n                      <jats:italic>in utero<\/jats:italic>\n                      .\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec002\">\n                    <jats:title>Methodology\/principal findings<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We conducted a cross-sectional serological study using stored serum samples from a cohort of mother\u2013child pairs with confirmed maternal ZIKV infection during pregnancy in Campo Grande, Brazil. ZIKV nAb titers were measured in samples collected approximately 3\u20134 years after maternal infection using plaque reduction neutralization testing. Among 77 women, 66.2% (51\/77) had ZIKV nAbs above the cutoff point, with higher titers observed in patients with first trimester infection. In contrast, only 2 of 72 children (2.8%) presented detectable ZIKV nAbs following clearance of maternal antibodies. No clear association was found between maternal nAb titers and adverse child outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec003\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions\/significance<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our findings suggest long-term persistence of neutralizing antibodies in most women infected with ZIKV during pregnancy, especially when infection occurred in the first trimester of pregnancy ZIKV-specific nAb persistence was rare in children with antenatal exposure once maternal antibodies waned, reinforcing concerns about limited postnatal protection in this group. These results underscore the importance of further studies to clarify the role of neutralizing antibodies in long-term protection and disease pathogenesis, particularly in endemic regions where the risk of reinfection or exposure to related arboviruses remains high.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0013906","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,8]],"date-time":"2026-01-08T18:38:13Z","timestamp":1767897493000},"page":"e0013906","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Zika virus infection in early pregnancy increases the likelihood of persistent neutralizing antibodies"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0074-5278","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Everton","family":"Falc\u00e3o de Oliveira","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Amanda Torrentes de","family":"Carvalho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fabio Antonio","family":"Venancio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maria Eulina","family":"Quili\u00e3o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sanny Cerqueira de Oliveira","family":"Gabeira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Silvia Helena dos Santos","family":"Leite","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Margarida dos Santos","family":"Sal\u00fa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sheila Maria Barbosa de","family":"Lima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nathalia dos Santos","family":"Alves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Luma da Cruz","family":"Moura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Waleska Dias","family":"Schwarcz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Adriana de Souza","family":"Azevedo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Luiz Henrique Ferraz","family":"Demarchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marina Castilhos Souza Umaki","family":"Zardin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gislene Garcia de Castro","family":"Lichs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Deborah Ledesma","family":"Taira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ana Isabel do","family":"Nascimento","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wagner de Souza","family":"Fernandes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nat\u00e1lia Oliveira","family":"Alves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Aline Etelvina","family":"Casaril Arrua","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M\u00e1rcio Jos\u00e9 de","family":"Medeiros","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rivaldo Ven\u00e2ncio da","family":"Cunha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zilton","family":"Vasconcelos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cl\u00e1udia Du Bocage","family":"Santos-Pinto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1742-5211","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Karin","family":"Nielsen-Saines","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,8]]},"reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"pntd.0013906.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1016\/0035-9203(52)90042-4","article-title":"Zika virus. 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