{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]],"date-time":"2026-05-29T19:23:15Z","timestamp":1780082595327,"version":"3.54.0"},"update-to":[{"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0014060","type":"new_version","label":"New version","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,20]],"date-time":"2026-03-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773964800000}}],"reference-count":64,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,9]],"date-time":"2026-03-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773014400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010221","name":"Higher Education Commision, Pakistan","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["14905"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["14905"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010221","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosntds.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS Negl Trop Dis"],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Ticks are the second most important vector of infectious diseases, after mosquitoes, and can transmit several diseases of concern for both human and veterinary health. This study molecularly barcoded ticks collected from goats in Pakistan and screened for associated pathogens. From July 2023 to June 2024, examination of 253 goats (\n                    <jats:italic>Capra hircus<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) in the 7th district of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa found 170 goats infested with 1,305 ticks, equating to a mean abundance of 5.15 ticks per goat. A phenol-chloroform technique was used to extract DNA and subsequently amplify the presence of pathogen DNA targeting 16S, 18S gltA, and ompA genes. Tick DNA was also amplified for the molecular confirmation of species using 12S rDNA partial sequence. All collected ticks were identified morphologically and molecularly as\n                    <jats:italic>Haemaphysalis Punctata<\/jats:italic>\n                    (519),\n                    <jats:italic>Hyalomma anatolicum<\/jats:italic>\n                    (380)\n                    <jats:italic>, Hae. sulcata<\/jats:italic>\n                    (269), and\n                    <jats:italic>Hy. excavatum<\/jats:italic>\n                    (137), including 361 females, 323 males, 286 larvae and 198 nymphs. This study detected several tick-borne pathogens including\n                    <jats:italic>Colpodella<\/jats:italic>\n                    spp.,\n                    <jats:italic>Ehrlichia<\/jats:italic>\n                    spp. and\n                    <jats:italic>Rickettsia hoogstraalii<\/jats:italic>\n                    , as well as detecting the bacteria\n                    <jats:italic>Providencia rettgeri. Rickettsia hoogstraalii<\/jats:italic>\n                    was found in Haemaphysalis\n                    <jats:italic>punctata<\/jats:italic>\n                    collected from Karak District. In contrast,\n                    <jats:italic>Hy. excavatum<\/jats:italic>\n                    from Banuu district were found to carry\n                    <jats:italic>P. rettgeri<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                    <jats:italic>Hyalomma excavatum<\/jats:italic>\n                    infesting goats in Buner, Chitral, and\n                    <jats:italic>Hy. anatolicum<\/jats:italic>\n                    form Kohistan, District tested positive only for\n                    <jats:italic>Colpodella<\/jats:italic>\n                    spp\n                    <jats:italic>.<\/jats:italic>\n                    whereas a single species of uncultured\n                    <jats:italic>Ehrlichia<\/jats:italic>\n                    spp. was found in Hae.\n                    <jats:italic>sulcata<\/jats:italic>\n                    collected from Mansehra, and Lakki Marawat district. This research\u2019s novel report of human pathogenic microbes detected in ticks has implications for livestock and human health, as well as the role ticks potentially play in zoonotic disease transmission in Pakistan.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0014060","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,9]],"date-time":"2026-03-09T17:31:36Z","timestamp":1773077496000},"page":"e0014060","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["First report of Providencia rettgeri, Colpodella spp., Ehrlichia spp., and Rickettsia hoogstraalii in ticks infesting goats of Pakistan"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Shakir","family":"Ullah","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hafsa","family":"Sher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raquel","family":"Coss\u00edo-Bay\u00fagar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ioannis A.","family":"Giantsis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sumbal","family":"Haleem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sadaf","family":"Niaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2938-4549","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Michael E.","family":"von Fricken","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adil","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"pntd.0014060.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100065","DOI":"10.1016\/j.crpvbd.2021.100065","article-title":"Ticks infesting humans in Central America: A review of their relevance in public health","volume":"2","author":"CS Berm\u00fadez","year":"2021","journal-title":"Curr Res Parasitol Vector Borne Dis"},{"key":"pntd.0014060.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105569","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2024.105569","article-title":"First report of Anaplasma spp., Ehrlichia spp., and Rickettsia spp. in Amblyomma gervaisi ticks infesting monitor lizards (Varanus begalensis) of Pakistan","volume":"118","author":"S Ullah","year":"2024","journal-title":"Infection, Genetics and Evolution"},{"issue":"3","key":"pntd.0014060.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1093\/ilar\/ilx005","article-title":"Tick-Borne Zoonoses in the United States: Persistent and Emerging Threats to Human Health","volume":"58","author":"RJ Eisen","year":"2017","journal-title":"ILAR J"},{"issue":"1","key":"pntd.0014060.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.3390\/microbiolres14010004","article-title":"Tick Diversity and Distribution of Hard (Ixodidae) Cattle Ticks in South Africa","volume":"14","author":"TG Makwarela","year":"2023","journal-title":"Microbiology Research"},{"issue":"12","key":"pntd.0014060.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2020.e05675","article-title":"A review on Hyalomma species infestations on human and animals and progress on management strategies","volume":"6","author":"B Kumar","year":"2020","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"key":"pntd.0014060.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"938601","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2022.938601","article-title":"Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever in the Arab world: A systematic review","volume":"9","author":"N Perveen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Vet Sci"},{"issue":"2","key":"pntd.0014060.ref007","first-page":"137","article-title":"Vectors of Crimean Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus in Iran","volume":"9","author":"Z Telmadarraiy","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Arthropod Borne Dis"},{"issue":"3","key":"pntd.0014060.ref008","first-page":"268","article-title":"Effect of Meteorological Factors on Hyalomma Species Composition and Their Host Preference, Seasonal Prevalence and Infection Status to Crimean-Congo Haemorrhagic Fever in Iran","volume":"13","author":"N Choubdar","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Arthropod Borne Dis"},{"issue":"2","key":"pntd.0014060.ref009","first-page":"164","article-title":"Detection of naturally infected vector ticks (acari: ixodidae) by different species of babesia and theileria agents from three different enzootic parts of iran","volume":"7","author":"M Abdigoudarzi","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Arthropod Borne Dis"},{"issue":"5","key":"pntd.0014060.ref010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0268172","article-title":"First insights into the microbiome of Tunisian Hyalomma ticks gained through next-generation sequencing with a special focus on H. scupense","volume":"17","author":"H Benyedem","year":"2022","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"6","key":"pntd.0014060.ref011","first-page":"515","article-title":"Host-parasite relationships of the genus Hyalomma Koch, 1844 (Acari, Ixodidae) and their connection with microevolutionary process","volume":"38","author":"DA Apanaskevich","year":"2004","journal-title":"Parazitologiia"},{"key":"pntd.0014060.ref012","author":"B Tsegaye","year":"2020"},{"issue":"1","key":"pntd.0014060.ref013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2003.10.013","article-title":"Cattle infestation by Hyalomma ticks and prevalence of Theileria in Hyalomma species in the east of Turkey","volume":"119","author":"M Aktas","year":"2004","journal-title":"Vet Parasitol"},{"issue":"12","key":"pntd.0014060.ref014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"851","DOI":"10.1089\/vbz.2013.1330","article-title":"Molecular detection of Rickettsia africae, Rickettsia aeschlimannii, and Rickettsia sibirica mongolitimonae in camels and Hyalomma spp. ticks from Israel","volume":"13","author":"G Kleinerman","year":"2013","journal-title":"Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis"},{"issue":"8","key":"pntd.0014060.ref015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1109","DOI":"10.14202\/vetworld.2018.1109-1119","article-title":"Molecular and immunological characterization of Hyalomma dromedarii and Hyalomma excavatum (Acari: Ixodidae) vectors of Q fever in camels","volume":"11","author":"HHAM Abdullah","year":"2018","journal-title":"Vet World"},{"key":"pntd.0014060.ref016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2015.06.029","article-title":"Consensus report: Preventive measures for Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever during Eid-al-Adha festival","volume":"38","author":"H Leblebicioglu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int J Infect Dis"},{"issue":"22","key":"pntd.0014060.ref017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3185","DOI":"10.3390\/ani14223185","article-title":"Tick Infestation and Molecular Detection of Tick-Borne Pathogens from Indian Long-Eared Hedgehogs (Hemiechinus collaris) in Pakistan","volume":"14","author":"S Ali","year":"2024","journal-title":"Animals (Basel)"},{"issue":"7","key":"pntd.0014060.ref018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1007\/s11250-024-04087-8","article-title":"Molecular detection of Coxiella burnetii in ticks infesting wild and domestic animals in the Eastern region of Punjab, Pakistan","volume":"56","author":"F Amin","year":"2024","journal-title":"Trop Anim Health Prod"},{"key":"pntd.0014060.ref019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fitd.2022.952024","article-title":"Unraveling the epidemiological relationship between ticks and rickettsial infection in Africa","volume":"3","author":"TE Onyiche","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Trop Dis"},{"issue":"4","key":"pntd.0014060.ref020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"657","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00032-13","article-title":"Update on tick-borne rickettsioses around the world: a geographic approach","volume":"26","author":"P Parola","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev"},{"key":"pntd.0014060.ref021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3109\/9781420019971.012","volume-title":"Other rickettsiae of possible or undetermined pathogenicity","author":"O Mediannikov","year":"2007"},{"key":"pntd.0014060.ref022","first-page":"211","article-title":"Tick-borne spotted fever group rickettsioses and Rickettsia species","volume":"2","author":"K Macaluso","year":"2014","journal-title":"Biology of ticks"},{"key":"pntd.0014060.ref023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1196\/annals.1374.068","article-title":"Molecular identification of Rickettsia felis-like bacteria in Haemaphysalis sulcata ticks collected from domestic animals in southern Croatia","volume":"1078","author":"D Duh","year":"2006","journal-title":"Ann N Y Acad Sci"},{"issue":"2","key":"pntd.0014060.ref024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"360","DOI":"10.3390\/genes14020360","article-title":"Phylogenetic Position of Haemaphysalis kashmirensis and Haemaphysalis cornupunctata, with Notes on Rickettsia spp","volume":"14","author":"SM Khan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Genes (Basel)"},{"key":"pntd.0014060.ref025","first-page":"335","article-title":"Molecular identification of Haemaphysalis sulcata (Acari: Ixodidae) larval stages collected using the Berlese funnel in Northern Iran","volume":"10","author":"M Davari","year":"2021","journal-title":"Persian Journal of Acarology"},{"issue":"4","key":"pntd.0014060.ref026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2014","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sjbs.2021.12.046","article-title":"Tick-borne haemoparasitic diseases in small ruminants in Pakistan: Current knowledge and future perspectives","volume":"29","author":"A Khan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Saudi J Biol Sci"},{"issue":"5","key":"pntd.0014060.ref027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"872","DOI":"10.1128\/EC.00461-07","article-title":"The heterotrophic dinoflagellate Crypthecodinium cohnii defines a model genetic system to investigate cytoplasmic starch synthesis","volume":"7","author":"P Deschamps","year":"2008","journal-title":"Eukaryot Cell"},{"issue":"3","key":"pntd.0014060.ref028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01531200","article-title":"Ultrastructure and identification of the predatory flagellateColpodella pugnax Cienkowski (Apicomplexa) with a description ofColpodella turpis n. sp. and a review of the genus","volume":"33","author":"AGB Simpson","year":"1996","journal-title":"Syst Parasitol"},{"key":"pntd.0014060.ref029","article-title":"Molecular identification of Colpodella sp. of South China tiger Panthera tigris amoyensis (Hilzheimer) in the Meihua Mountains, Fujian, China","volume":"69","author":"H-C Chiu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Folia Parasitol"},{"key":"pntd.0014060.ref030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"857752","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2022.857752","article-title":"Colpodella sp. (Phylum Apicomplexa) Identified in Horses Shed Light on Its Potential Transmission and Zoonotic Pathogenicity","volume":"13","author":"M Xu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Microbiol"},{"key":"pntd.0014060.ref031","article-title":"Potential novel tick-borne Colpodella species parasite infection in patient with neurological symptoms","author":"J-F Jiang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Public Library of Science"},{"issue":"3","key":"pntd.0014060.ref032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102328","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2024.102328","article-title":"Potential novel Colpodella spp. (phylum Apicomplexa) and high prevalence of Colpodella spp. in goat-attached Haemaphysalis longicornis ticks in Shandong province, China","volume":"15","author":"Y Qi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Ticks Tick Borne Dis"},{"issue":"7","key":"pntd.0014060.ref033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"600","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens13070600","article-title":"Are colpodella species pathogenic? Nutrient uptake and approaches to diagnose infections","volume":"13","author":"MI Salti","year":"2024","journal-title":"Pathogens"},{"key":"pntd.0014060.ref034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"572642","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2020.572642","article-title":"Comparative Genomic Analysis Reveals Genetic Mechanisms of the Variety of Pathogenicity, Antibiotic Resistance, and Environmental Adaptation of Providencia Genus","volume":"11","author":"C Yuan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Microbiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"pntd.0014060.ref035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"536","DOI":"10.1186\/s13104-017-2866-4","article-title":"First case report of Providencia Rettgeri neonatal sepsis","volume":"10","author":"D Sharma","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMC Res Notes"},{"issue":"4","key":"pntd.0014060.ref036","first-page":"446","article-title":"Providencia Causing Urinary Tract Infections: Are We Reaching a Dead End?","volume":"26","author":"E Rajni","year":"2022","journal-title":"Indian J Crit Care Med"},{"key":"pntd.0014060.ref037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-92373-4_6","article-title":"Opportunistic bacteria associated with mammalian livestock disease","volume-title":"The connections between ecology and infectious disease","author":"CJ Hurst","year":"2018"},{"key":"pntd.0014060.ref038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.28298","article-title":"Stochastic variation in the initial phase of bacterial infection predicts the probability of survival in D. melanogaster","volume":"6","author":"D Duneau","year":"2017","journal-title":"Elife"},{"issue":"7","key":"pntd.0014060.ref039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"673","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2011.02.005","article-title":"Comparative pathology of bacteria in the genus Providencia to a natural host, Drosophila melanogaster","volume":"13","author":"MR Galac","year":"2011","journal-title":"Microbes Infect"},{"key":"pntd.0014060.ref040","volume-title":"Ticks of domestic animals in Africa: a guide to identification of species","author":"AR Walker","year":"2003"},{"key":"pntd.0014060.ref041","volume-title":"Molecular cloning: a laboratory manual","author":"J Sambrook","year":"1989"},{"key":"pntd.0014060.ref042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"954785","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2022.954785","article-title":"High prevalence of Rickettsia spp. in ticks from wild hedgehogs rather than domestic bovine in Jiangsu province, Eastern China","volume":"12","author":"Y Qi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Cell Infect Microbiol"},{"issue":"15","key":"pntd.0014060.ref043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5387","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17155387","article-title":"A Mini-Review of Ixodes Ticks Climate Sensitive Infection Dispersion Risk in the Nordic Region","volume":"17","author":"BEH van Oort","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"issue":"10","key":"pntd.0014060.ref044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5833","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph19105833","article-title":"One Health Approach to Tick and Tick-Borne Disease Surveillance in the United Kingdom","volume":"19","author":"N Johnson","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"issue":"3","key":"pntd.0014060.ref045","first-page":"127","article-title":"Colpodella sp. (ATCC 50594) Life Cycle: Myzocytosis and Possible Links to the Origin of Intracellular Parasitism","volume":"6","author":"TA Getty","year":"2021","journal-title":"Trop Med Infect Dis"},{"key":"pntd.0014060.ref046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125637","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejop.2019.125637","article-title":"RhopH3, rhoptry gene conserved in the free-living alveolate flagellate Colpodella sp. (Apicomplexa)","volume":"71","author":"TY Sam-Yellowe","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur J Protistol"},{"key":"pntd.0014060.ref047","first-page":"1","article-title":"Novel life cycle stages of Colpodella sp. (Apicomplexa) identified using Sam-Yellowe\u2019s trichrome stains and confocal and electron microscopy","author":"TY Sam-Yellowe","year":"2021","journal-title":"International Microbiology"},{"key":"pntd.0014060.ref048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1801.110716","article-title":"Colpodella spp.\u2013like parasite infection in woman, China","volume":"18","author":"CL Yuan","year":"2012","journal-title":"Emerging Infectious Diseases"},{"issue":"1","key":"pntd.0014060.ref049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1007\/s10493-017-0155-5","article-title":"Molecular detection of pathogens in ticks infesting cattle in Nampula province, Mozambique","volume":"73","author":"AM Matsimbe","year":"2017","journal-title":"Exp Appl Acarol"},{"issue":"5","key":"pntd.0014060.ref050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102352","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2024.102352","article-title":"Discovery of Colpodella spp. in ticks (Hyalomma dromedarii) infesting camels in southern Egypt","volume":"15","author":"AM Soliman","year":"2024","journal-title":"Ticks Tick Borne Dis"},{"issue":"9","key":"pntd.0014060.ref051","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3083","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-020-06812-2","article-title":"Identification of tick-borne pathogens in ticks collected from wild animals in Turkey","volume":"119","author":"\u00d6 Orkun","year":"2020","journal-title":"Parasitol Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"pntd.0014060.ref052","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1007\/s10493-012-9568-3","article-title":"Ixodes ricinus is the dominant questing tick in forest habitats in Romania: the results from a countrywide dragging campaign","volume":"58","author":"AD Mihalca","year":"2012","journal-title":"Exp Appl Acarol"},{"key":"pntd.0014060.ref053","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1007\/s10493-008-9181-7","article-title":"Spotted fever group Rickettsia in ticks from southeastern Spain natural parks","volume":"45","author":"FJ M\u00e1rquez","year":"2008","journal-title":"Exp Appl Acarol"},{"issue":"2","key":"pntd.0014060.ref054","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"314","DOI":"10.1007\/s00248-011-9926-4","article-title":"Spotted fever group Rickettsiae in ticks in Cyprus","volume":"63","author":"D Chochlakis","year":"2012","journal-title":"Microb Ecol"},{"key":"pntd.0014060.ref055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2012.10.021","article-title":"Candidatus Rickettsia hoogstraalii in Ethiopian Argas persicus ticks","volume":"3","author":"V Pader","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ticks Tick Borne Dis"},{"key":"pntd.0014060.ref056","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"838","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2005.131088","article-title":"Rickettsia spp. in seabird ticks from western Indian Ocean islands, 2011\u20132012","volume":"20","author":"M Dietrich","year":"2014","journal-title":"Emerging Infectious Diseases"},{"issue":"9","key":"pntd.0014060.ref057","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1611","DOI":"10.11158\/saa.25.9.7","article-title":"<p class=\"Body\"><strong>The first record of <em>Rickettsia hoogstraalii<\/em> (Rickettsiales: Rickettsiaceae) from <em>Argas persicus<\/em> (Acari: Argasidae) in Iran<\/strong><\/p>","volume":"25","author":"H Kooshki","year":"2020","journal-title":"saa"},{"issue":"5","key":"pntd.0014060.ref058","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"663","DOI":"10.1645\/20-46","article-title":"Rickettsia hoogstraalii and a Rickettsiella from the Bat Tick Argas transgariepinus, in Namibia","volume":"106","author":"WK Reeves","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Parasitol"},{"issue":"4","key":"pntd.0014060.ref059","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101720","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2021.101720","article-title":"Screening of tick-borne pathogens in argasid ticks in Zambia: Expansion of the geographic distribution of Rickettsia lusitaniae and Rickettsia hoogstraalii and detection of putative novel Anaplasma species","volume":"12","author":"Y Qiu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ticks Tick Borne Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"pntd.0014060.ref060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101868","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2021.101868","article-title":"Microbiome analysis of the midguts of different developmental stages of Argas persicus in China","volume":"13","author":"D-Y Duan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ticks Tick Borne Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"pntd.0014060.ref061","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101830","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2021.101830","article-title":"Rickettsiaceae in two reptile-associated tick species, Amblyomma exornatum and Africaniella transversale: First evidence of Occidentia massiliensis in hard ticks (Acari: Ixodidae)","volume":"13","author":"S Hornok","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ticks Tick Borne Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"pntd.0014060.ref062","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1093\/aesa\/92.1.117","article-title":"Comparison of the Mitochondrial 12S and 16S Ribosomal Dna Genes in Resolving Phylogenetic Relationships among Hard Ticks (Acari: Ixodidae)","volume":"92","author":"DE Norris","year":"1999","journal-title":"Annals of the Entomological Society of America"},{"issue":"2","key":"pntd.0014060.ref063","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1007\/s10493-018-00336-2","article-title":"First molecular detection of Rickettsia africae in a tropical bont tick, Amblyomma variegatum, collected in Corsica, France","volume":"77","author":"V Cicculli","year":"2019","journal-title":"Exp Appl Acarol"},{"issue":"6","key":"pntd.0014060.ref064","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"707","DOI":"10.1016\/S0035-9203(00)90243-8","article-title":"Detection of ehrlichiae in African ticks by polymerase chain reaction","volume":"94","author":"P Parola","year":"2000","journal-title":"Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg"}],"updated-by":[{"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0014060","type":"new_version","label":"New version","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,20]],"date-time":"2026-03-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773964800000}}],"container-title":["PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.0014060","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,20]],"date-time":"2026-03-20T17:58:42Z","timestamp":1774029522000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.0014060"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Jun","family":"Jiao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,9]]},"references-count":64,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,9]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.0014060","relation":{},"ISSN":["1935-2735"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1935-2735","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,9]]}}}