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However, the specific biotic and abiotic factors driving this heterogeneity remain largely unidentified. The Atlantic Forest of the state of Esp\u00edrito Santo (ES) presents a unique transmission network of\n                    <jats:italic>T. cruzi<\/jats:italic>\n                    , in which\n                    <jats:italic>Triatoma vitticeps<\/jats:italic>\n                    represents the absolute majority among existing triatomines, with high infection rates and diversity of genotypes, frequently invading homes. No infection was found in peridomestic mammals. This study aimed to elucidate the spatial and environmental distribution patterns of\n                    <jats:italic>T. vitticeps<\/jats:italic>\n                    and its infection by\n                    <jats:italic>T. cruzi<\/jats:italic>\n                    DTUs throughout Esp\u00edrito Santo, quantifying the influence of abiotic variables on both vector occurrence and infection dynamics. Species Distribution Modeling (SDM) of\n                    <jats:italic>T. cruzi<\/jats:italic>\n                    genotypes in\n                    <jats:italic>T. vitticeps<\/jats:italic>\n                    collected in the Atlantic Forest of Esp\u00edrito Santo was performed using the ModleR package, in the R programming language, with climate and landscape variables (~1km\u00b2) selected by Spearman\u2019s correlation [-0.7\u2009\u2264\u2009\u03c1\u2009\u2264\u20090.7]. True Skill Statistic (\u2265 0.7) was used to evaluate model performance. Decision tree to classify\n                    <jats:italic>T. vitticeps<\/jats:italic>\n                    infection by\n                    <jats:italic>T. cruzi<\/jats:italic>\n                    was created using machine learning algorithms in WEKA 3.8.6 software. The SDMs of\n                    <jats:italic>T. vitticeps<\/jats:italic>\n                    and its infection demonstrated: i. Central and South mesoregions presented better environmental conditions for their occurrence; ii. association with mountainous regions with high altitudes, humid and superhumid, with vegetation density and vigor and high values of topographic diversity; iii. Schoener similarity suggests Z3 is mixed, dominated by TcIV and TcIII in Central\u2013South, with TcIII influence Northwest and North Coast; iv. Infection was explained by wind speed, mammal richness, and temperature, with the decision tree identifying 84% of positives and 29% of negatives.\n                    <jats:italic>T. vitticeps<\/jats:italic>\n                    may originate in high-altitude regions and disperse via wind to lowlands, promoting domiciliary invasion and supporting previously hypothesized long-distance transmission of\n                    <jats:italic>T. cruzi<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0014111","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,16]],"date-time":"2026-03-16T17:41:25Z","timestamp":1773682885000},"page":"e0014111","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Unveiling the ecology and spatial dynamics of Trypanosoma cruzi, its DTUs and Triatoma vitticeps in the Atlantic Forest of south-eastern Esp\u00edrito Santo State, Brazil"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Raphael","family":"Testai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Felipe","family":"de Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4951-3013","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Maria Augusta","family":"Dario","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ane Lu\u00edse","family":"Quinze Dias de Faro de Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fl\u00e1vio Luis","family":"de Mello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ana Maria","family":"Jansen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samanta Cristina das 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