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Here, we experimentally evaluated the short-term impact of ground ULV spraying (using deltamethrin\u2009+\u2009\n                    <jats:italic>Chrysanthemum cinerariaefolium<\/jats:italic>\n                    extract) on both mosquito populations and non-target flying insects in Hungary using a paired before\u2013after-control\u2013impact (BACI) design. Mosquitoes were sampled with BG Sentinel traps, while non-target insects were collected using malaise traps. ULV treatment resulted in a significant reduction in mosquito abundance at treated sites, with an average decline of approximately 47%. Native and invasive mosquito species, including\n                    <jats:italic>Aedes albopictus<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>Aedes koreicus<\/jats:italic>\n                    , showed similar proportional decreases. However, treatment effectiveness varied substantially among sites and was influenced by initial mosquito abundance and wind conditions. In parallel, malaise trap samples revealed a marked decline in non-target flying insects, with reductions exceeding 40% across multiple taxonomic groups, particularly among small and medium-sized insects, and also when considering pollinator taxa together. Our results indicate that while ULV spraying can temporarily reduce mosquito abundance, it also imposes considerable short-term impacts on non-target insect communities, highlighting trade-offs between vector control and insect conservation within mosquito management programs.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0014140","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T17:58:02Z","timestamp":1791223082000},"page":"e0014140","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The effect of ULV-based mosquito control on target and non-target organisms in Hungary: An experimental field study"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"L\u00e1szl\u00f3 Zsolt","family":"Garamszegi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Ecology and Botany, HUN-REN Centre for Ecological Research","place":["V\u00e1cr\u00e1t\u00f3t, 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