{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T23:48:50Z","timestamp":1789688930981,"version":"4.0.1"},"update-to":[{"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0014154","type":"new_version","label":"New version","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,31]],"date-time":"2026-03-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1774915200000}}],"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,25]],"date-time":"2026-03-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1774396800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key R&D Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["2024YFC2309702"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024YFC2309702"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003787","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["XC: 82573336"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["XC: 82573336"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003787","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Tianshan Young Talent Scientific and Technological Innovation Team","award":["2023TSYCTD0020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023TSYCTD0020"]}]},{"name":"Corps Guidance Science and Technology Plan Project","award":["2022ZD041"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022ZD041"]}]},{"name":"Corps Guidance Science and Technology Plan Project","award":["2023ZD034"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023ZD034"]}]},{"name":"Shihezi University Scientific Research Project","award":["ZZZC2023026"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZZZC2023026"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosntds.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS Negl Trop Dis"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"sec001\">\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Research on\n                      <jats:italic>hepatic echinococcosis<\/jats:italic>\n                      relies on stable, reproducible animal models. Traditional open-laparotomy modeling presents issues such as significant trauma and poor consistency.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec002\">\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      To compare the efficacy and safety of ultrasound-guided percutaneous liver puncture inoculation versus traditional open-laparotomy in establishing a\n                      <jats:italic>hepatic echinococcosis<\/jats:italic>\n                      model in C57BL\/6 mice.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec003\">\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Alveolar echinococcus (AE) cystic larvae or cystic echinococcus (CE) scolices were implanted into mouse livers using ultrasound-guided percutaneous liver puncture inoculation and traditional open surgery, respectively. Postoperative dynamic ultrasound monitoring, histopathology, and immunofluorescence staining were employed for systematic evaluation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec004\">\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The survival rate in the ultrasound-guided group reached 100% (30\/30), significantly higher than the 80% (24\/30) in the surgical group, representing a difference of 20 percentage points (95% CI: 5.7% to 34.3%; p\u2009=\u20090.039). The complication rate was only 6.7% (2\/30) in the ultrasound-guided group, compared to 20% (6\/30) in the surgical group, with a difference of -13.3 percentage points (95% CI: -30.2% to 3.6%; p\u2009=\u20090.133). Ultrasound-guided modeling achieved a 100% success rate, with more uniform lesion growth and accelerated progression. Histopathology revealed more typical fibrosis and immune microenvironment characteristics.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec005\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Ultrasound-guided percutaneous liver biopsy offers advantages including short procedure duration, minimal trauma, and high model consistency. It significantly enhances modeling efficiency while reducing surgical interference, providing a more reliable animal model platform for\n                      <jats:italic>hepatic echinococcosis<\/jats:italic>\n                      research.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0014154","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,25]],"date-time":"2026-03-25T17:40:32Z","timestamp":1774460432000},"page":"e0014154","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["A novel method for establishing a mouse model of hepatic echinococcosis: Ultrasound-guided percutaneous liver puncture modeling"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-4968-6288","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jingyu","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jian","family":"Dong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huijiao","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huan","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shengwen","family":"Lv","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhen","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xinhui","family":"Cao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chenghao","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4034-070X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Xueling","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiangwei","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"pntd.0014154.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1016\/bs.apar.2016.09.001","article-title":"Echinococcus-host interactions at cellular and molecular levels","volume":"95","author":"K Brehm","year":"2017","journal-title":"Advances in Parasitology"},{"issue":"1","key":"pntd.0014154.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1097\/PAS.0000000000001374","article-title":"Pathology of Echinococcosis: A Morphologic and Immunohistochemical Study on 138 Specimens With Focus on the Differential Diagnosis Between Cystic and Alveolar Echinococcosis","volume":"44","author":"M Reinehr","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am J Surg Pathol"},{"issue":"4","key":"pntd.0014154.ref003","first-page":"363","article-title":"Natural history of cystic echinococcosis in humans","volume":"46","author":"G Bortoletti","year":"2004","journal-title":"Parassitologia"},{"issue":"4","key":"pntd.0014154.ref004","article-title":"Study on the mechanism of miRNAs on liver injury in the condition of Protoscocephalus alveolarus transhepatic portal vein infection","volume":"12","author":"Y Zhu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Immun Inflamm Dis"},{"issue":"3","key":"pntd.0014154.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.25122\/jml-2018-0045","article-title":"Hepatic hydatid cyst - diagnose and treatment algorithm","volume":"11","author":"C Botezatu","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Med Life"},{"issue":"12","key":"pntd.0014154.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2088","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1012.030773","article-title":"Risk factors for alveolar echinococcosis in humans","volume":"10","author":"P Kern","year":"2004","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"issue":"6","key":"pntd.0014154.ref007","first-page":"676","article-title":"Present situation and progress of comprehensive treatments for hepatic alveolar echinococcosis","volume":"31","author":"AJD","year":"2019","journal-title":"Zhongguo xue xi chong bing fang zhi za zhi = Chinese journal of schistosomiasis control"},{"issue":"3","key":"pntd.0014154.ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"680","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.16-0557","article-title":"Management of advanced hepatic alveolar echinococcosis: report of 42 cases","volume":"96","author":"B Qu","year":"2017","journal-title":"The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene"},{"issue":"4","key":"pntd.0014154.ref009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1159\/000071695","article-title":"Alveolar echinococcosis in Turkey. Experience from an endemic region","volume":"20","author":"A Emre","year":"2003","journal-title":"Dig Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"pntd.0014154.ref010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101360","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v31.i1.101360","article-title":"Liver parasites: A global endemic and journey from infestation to intervention","volume":"31","author":"Y Shahid","year":"2025","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"pntd.0014154.ref011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1016\/bs.mcb.2024.02.039","article-title":"Mouse model of secondary cystic echinococcosis","volume":"185","author":"MC Gonz\u00e1lez-Porcile","year":"2024","journal-title":"Methods Cell Biol"},{"issue":"3","key":"pntd.0014154.ref012","first-page":"265","article-title":"Establishment of primary cystic echinococcosis in laboratory mice: our results in the Balb\/c strain","volume":"23","author":"SA Sohraby","year":"2022","journal-title":"Iran J Vet Res"},{"issue":"45","key":"pntd.0014154.ref013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7989","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v23.i45.7989","article-title":"Improved experimental model of hepatic cystic hydatid disease resembling natural infection route with stable growing dynamics and immune reaction","volume":"23","author":"R-Q Zhang","year":"2017","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"1","key":"pntd.0014154.ref014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19612","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-56098-3","article-title":"The local immune response during Echinococcus granulosus growth in a quantitative hepatic experimental model","volume":"9","author":"Z Li","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"3","key":"pntd.0014154.ref015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.4103\/0377-4929.42514","article-title":"Novel route of infection in experimental model of hydatid disease","volume":"51","author":"DK Kakru","year":"2008","journal-title":"Indian J Pathol Microbiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"pntd.0014154.ref016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2021.e06496","article-title":"Development of an improved anesthesia protocol to increase CF1 mice survival in a portal vein infection with Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato protoscoleces","volume":"7","author":"NP Scioscia","year":"2021","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"issue":"1","key":"pntd.0014154.ref017","article-title":"Improvement of Antialveolar echinococcosis efficacy of novel Albendazole-Bile acids Derivatives with Enhanced Oral Bioavailability","volume":"17","author":"C Hu","year":"2023","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"pntd.0014154.ref018","article-title":"Time course of gene expression profiling in the liver of experimental mice infected with Echinococcus multilocularis","volume":"6","author":"R Lin","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"pntd.0014154.ref019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2172-14-27","article-title":"Laparotomy and laparoscopy diversely affect macrophage-associated antimicrobial activity in a murine model","volume":"14","author":"SG Huang","year":"2013","journal-title":"BMC Immunol"},{"issue":"1","key":"pntd.0014154.ref020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-4894(86)90128-1","article-title":"Echinococcus multilocularis: responses to infection in Mongolian gerbils","volume":"61","author":"WK Kroeze","year":"1986","journal-title":"Exp Parasitol"},{"issue":"1","key":"pntd.0014154.ref021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.17.1.107-135.2004","article-title":"Biological, epidemiological, and clinical aspects of echinococcosis, a zoonosis of increasing concern","volume":"17","author":"J Eckert","year":"2004","journal-title":"Clinical Microbiology Reviews"},{"issue":"02","key":"pntd.0014154.ref022","first-page":"240","article-title":"Construction of a liver model in mice infected with Echinococcus granulosus","volume":"38","author":"E Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of Shihezi University (Natural Science Edition)"},{"issue":"4","key":"pntd.0014154.ref023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103341","DOI":"10.1016\/j.xpro.2024.103341","article-title":"Protocol for establishing liver tumors via ultrasound-guided intrahepatic injection prior partial hepatic resection in a mouse model","volume":"5","author":"S Ghabra","year":"2024","journal-title":"STAR Protoc"},{"issue":"2","key":"pntd.0014154.ref024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/cpmo.62","article-title":"Ultrasound-Guided Approaches to Improve Orthotopic Mouse Xenograft Models for Hepatocellular Carcinoma","volume":"9","author":"G Bou About","year":"2019","journal-title":"Curr Protoc Mouse Biol"},{"issue":"4","key":"pntd.0014154.ref025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1177\/016173460803000402","article-title":"Characterization of malignant focal liver lesions with contrast-enhanced 40 MHz ultrasound imaging in hepatitis B virus X transgenic mice: a feasibility study","volume":"30","author":"A-H Liao","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ultrason Imaging"},{"key":"pntd.0014154.ref026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.3233\/CH-2012-1587","article-title":"High resolution ultrasound including elastography and contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) for early detection and characterization of liver lesions in the humanized tumor mouse model","volume":"52","author":"AK Wege","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin Hemorheol Microcirc"},{"issue":"3","key":"pntd.0014154.ref027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1016\/S0039-6109(02)00200-1","article-title":"Inflammatory mediators in wound healing","volume":"83","author":"G Henry","year":"2003","journal-title":"Surg Clin North Am"},{"issue":"5","key":"pntd.0014154.ref028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1085","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcmgh.2023.01.002","article-title":"Targeting Notch1-YAP Circuit Reprograms Macrophage Polarization and Alleviates Acute Liver Injury in Mice","volume":"15","author":"Y Yang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cellular and Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology"},{"issue":"1","key":"pntd.0014154.ref029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2951","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-018-05346-7","article-title":"Macrophages are exploited from an innate wound healing response to facilitate cancer metastasis","volume":"9","author":"T Muliaditan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"pntd.0014154.ref030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"600635","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2020.600635","article-title":"Dual Role of Hepatic Macrophages in the Establishment of the Echinococcus multilocularis Metacestode in Mice","volume":"11","author":"H Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"issue":"11","key":"pntd.0014154.ref031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7681","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.180.11.7681","article-title":"Local accumulation of FOXP3+ regulatory T cells: evidence for an immune evasion mechanism in patients with large condylomata acuminata","volume":"180","author":"Y Cao","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"issue":"8","key":"pntd.0014154.ref032","article-title":"Spatiotemporal distribution of newly diagnosed echinococcosis patients in Sichuan Province, China, 2013-2024","volume":"19","author":"W He","year":"2025","journal-title":"PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases"},{"issue":"2","key":"pntd.0014154.ref033","first-page":"250","article-title":"Evaluation of Echinococcosis Pre-Diagnosis Patients Admitted to the National Parasitology Reference Laboratory of Turkey from 2014-2019","volume":"17","author":"B Y\u00fccesan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Iran J Parasitol"}],"updated-by":[{"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0014154","type":"new_version","label":"New version","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,31]],"date-time":"2026-03-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1774915200000}}],"container-title":["PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.0014154","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,31]],"date-time":"2026-03-31T17:48:36Z","timestamp":1774979316000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.0014154"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Elise M.","family":"O'Connell","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,25]]},"references-count":33,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,25]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.0014154","relation":{},"ISSN":["1935-2735"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1935-2735","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,25]]}}}