{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]],"date-time":"2026-08-04T05:22:15Z","timestamp":1785820935587,"version":"3.56.0"},"update-to":[{"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0014184","type":"new_version","label":"New version","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777334400000}}],"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,20]],"date-time":"2026-04-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776643200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000270","name":"Natural Environment Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NE\/S007431\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NE\/S007431\/1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000270","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000266","name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["EP\/Y017838\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EP\/Y017838\/1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000266","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000266","name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["EP\/Y017919\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EP\/Y017919\/1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000266","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000268","name":"Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["BB\/X018113\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BB\/X018113\/1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000268","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosntds.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS Negl Trop Dis"],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    The spread of the highly invasive mosquito,\n                    <jats:italic>Aedes albopictus<\/jats:italic>\n                    , across Europe, combined with climate change and human travel and trade, has led to new epidemic threats from mosquito-borne viruses, most significantly dengue and chikungunya, which are increasing in frequency and magnitude. In 2025, mainland France has seen a record number of autochthonous cases and outbreaks of chikungunya, spread across multiple locations, primarily introduced by travellers from the French Overseas Territory of La R\u00e9union which is experiencing severe chikungunya outbreaks. Here, we describe one of the largest French outbreaks and subsequent control measures in the city of Bergerac, Dordogne, which resulted in 102 cases as of 5\n                    <jats:sup>th<\/jats:sup>\n                    November 2025. We apply a climate-driven mathematical model for\n                    <jats:italic>Ae. albopictus<\/jats:italic>\n                    and chikungunya virus transmission to the Bergerac 2025 outbreaks, comparing outputs to case data. The model suggests that the initial control measures in the first four weeks after the discovery of the outbreak, limited in their intervention radius and intensity, had little effect on reducing the number of cases, given the high incidence and the wide geographic extent of viral circulation. However, subsequent more widespread and intense control efforts, combined with likely increased public awareness, substantially reduced case numbers. These findings underscore the need to tailor control measures to intensity and scale of viral circulation combined with effective preventive and proactive arbovirus surveillance. Adulticides combined with public awareness campaigns can be effective for public health protection and are an important part of mitigating against the risk of\n                    <jats:italic>Aedes<\/jats:italic>\n                    -borne arboviruses and the ongoing outbreaks in mainland France.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0014184","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,20]],"date-time":"2026-04-20T17:59:41Z","timestamp":1776707981000},"page":"e0014184","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Surveillance and control efficacy of the Bergerac, France, 2025 chikungunya outbreak"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-2445-9860","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Sandeep","family":"Tegar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9588-6064","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Guillaume","family":"Lacour","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antoine","family":"Mignotte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5140-2710","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Bethan V.","family":"Purse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christina A.","family":"Cobbold","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dominic P.","family":"Brass","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3192-9969","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Steven M.","family":"White","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"pntd.0014184.ref001","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Global Dengue Surveillance 2025 [Available from: https:\/\/worldhealthorg.shinyapps.io\/dengue_global\/"},{"key":"pntd.0014184.ref002","unstructured":"European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control. Chikungunya Worldwide Overview 2025 [Available from: https:\/\/www.ecdc.europa.eu\/en\/chikungunya-monthly"},{"issue":"8","key":"pntd.0014184.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/gcb.70414","article-title":"Aedes albopictus Is Rapidly Invading Its Climatic Niche in France: Wider Implications for Biting Nuisance and Arbovirus Control in Western Europe","volume":"31","author":"A Radici","year":"2025","journal-title":"Glob Chang Biol"},{"issue":"3","key":"pntd.0014184.ref004","article-title":"Global expansion and redistribution of Aedes-borne virus transmission risk with climate change","volume":"13","author":"SJ Ryan","year":"2019","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"issue":"12","key":"pntd.0014184.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0003278","article-title":"International dispersal of dengue through air travel: importation risk for Europe","volume":"8","author":"JC Semenza","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"pntd.0014184.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102799","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tmaid.2025.102799","article-title":"Aedes-borne arboviral human infections in Europe from 2000 to 2023: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"64","author":"N Hedrich","year":"2025","journal-title":"Travel Med Infect Dis"},{"key":"pntd.0014184.ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101553","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nmni.2024.101553","article-title":"Dengue in France in 2024 - A year of record numbers of imported and autochthonous cases","volume":"62","author":"A Arulmukavarathan","year":"2024","journal-title":"New Microbes New Infect"},{"key":"pntd.0014184.ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101231","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lanepe.2025.101231","article-title":"Transmission of autochthonous Aedes-borne arboviruses and related public health challenges in Europe 2007-2023: a systematic review and secondary analysis","volume":"51","author":"P Cattaneo","year":"2025","journal-title":"Lancet Reg Health Eur"},{"key":"pntd.0014184.ref009","unstructured":"Sant\u00e9 Publique France. Chikungunya, dengue, Zika et West Nile en France hexagonale. Bulletin de la surveillance renforc\u00e9e du 26 novembre 2025 2025 [Available from: https:\/\/www.santepubliquefrance.fr\/maladies-et-traumatismes\/maladies-a-transmission-vectorielle\/chikungunya\/documents\/bulletin-national\/chikungunya-dengue-zika-et-west-nile-en-france-hexagonale.-bulletin-de-la-surveillance-renforcee-du-26-novembre-2025"},{"issue":"1","key":"pntd.0014184.ref010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"326","DOI":"10.1038\/s42003-020-1046-6","article-title":"Vector competence of Aedes albopictus populations for chikungunya virus is shaped by their demographic history","volume":"3","author":"A Vega-R\u00faa","year":"2020","journal-title":"Commun Biol"},{"key":"pntd.0014184.ref011","unstructured":"Sant\u00e9 Publique France. Chikungunya, dengue, Zika et West Nile en France hexagonale. 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Surveillance g\u00e9nomique des cas autochtones de chikungunya en France m\u00e9tropolitaine en 2025 2026 [Available from: https:\/\/cnr-arbovirus.fr\/public\/index.php\/2026\/01\/23\/cas-autochtones-de-chikungunya-en-france-metropolitaine-en-2025\/"},{"issue":"3","key":"pntd.0014184.ref015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0004551","article-title":"Is Dengue Vector Control Deficient in Effectiveness or Evidence?: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis","volume":"10","author":"LR Bowman","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"issue":"3","key":"pntd.0014184.ref016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2915.2008.00740.x","article-title":"Effect of dengue vector control interventions on entomological parameters in developing countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"22","author":"TE Erlanger","year":"2008","journal-title":"Med Vet Entomol"},{"issue":"1","key":"pntd.0014184.ref017","first-page":"10","article-title":"A Review of the Control of Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) in the Continental United States","volume":"58","author":"BL McGregor","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Med Entomol"},{"issue":"1","key":"pntd.0014184.ref018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-025-07049-7","article-title":"Building resilience against the growing threat of arboviruses: a scoping review of Aedes vector surveillance, control strategies and insecticide resistance in Africa","volume":"18","author":"RM Oxborough","year":"2025","journal-title":"Parasit Vectors"},{"issue":"12","key":"pntd.0014184.ref019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0005176","article-title":"Public Health Interventions for Aedes Control in the Time of Zikavirus- A Meta-Review on Effectiveness of Vector Control Strategies","volume":"10","author":"M Bouzid","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"issue":"32","key":"pntd.0014184.ref020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.2807\/1560-7917.ES.2025.30.32.2500545","article-title":"Multiple early local transmissions of chikungunya virus, mainland France, from May 2025","volume":"30","author":"L Fournier","year":"2025","journal-title":"Euro Surveill"},{"key":"pntd.0014184.ref021","unstructured":"European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control. 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