{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T18:50:47Z","timestamp":1791312647613,"version":"4.3.1"},"update-to":[{"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0014203","type":"new_version","label":"New version","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791244800000}}],"reference-count":61,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789948800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/zero\/1.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003593","name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["445376\/2023-6"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["445376\/2023-6"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003593","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003593","name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["406160\/2022-8"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["406160\/2022-8"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003593","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003593","name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["409078\/2022-0"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["409078\/2022-0"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003593","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosntds.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS Negl Trop Dis"],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Sporotrichosis, a subcutaneous mycosis caused by dimorphic fungi of the\n                    <jats:italic>Sporothrix<\/jats:italic>\n                    genus, has become a major zoonotic epidemic in South America, primarily driven by\n                    <jats:italic>Sporothrix brasiliensis<\/jats:italic>\n                    . To elucidate the genomic basis of its emergence and antifungal adaptation, we analyzed whole-genome sequences from 95\n                    <jats:italic>Sporothrix<\/jats:italic>\n                    isolates, integrating single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), copy number variation (CNV), and genome-wide association (GWAS) analyses. Comparative genomics revealed 610,242 SNPs within\n                    <jats:italic>S. brasiliensis<\/jats:italic>\n                    and 1,474,627 within\n                    <jats:italic>S. schenckii<\/jats:italic>\n                    , confirming a marked disparity in intraspecific diversity. Phylogenomic tree inference resolved six well-supported\n                    <jats:italic>S. brasiliensis<\/jats:italic>\n                    clades with limited internal divergence, reflecting recent population expansion, while\n                    <jats:italic>S. schenckii<\/jats:italic>\n                    displayed deep phylogeographic structure separating North and South American lineages. CNV profiling identified 158 affected genes in\n                    <jats:italic>S. brasiliensis<\/jats:italic>\n                    (60 gains, 98 losses) and 88 in\n                    <jats:italic>S. schenckii<\/jats:italic>\n                    (54 gains, 34 losses), concentrated near sub-telomeric regions. In\n                    <jats:italic>S. brasiliensis<\/jats:italic>\n                    , gains were enriched for kinases and intracellular trafficking functions, whereas losses involved genes related to translation and primary metabolism, suggesting regulatory reinforcement coupled with metabolic streamlining. A GWAS of itraconazole resistance identified 81 SNPs distributed across multiple scaffolds, with many located within genes related with transport, signaling, and redox balance, supporting a polygenic basis for azole response. The implication of these alleles with itraconazole resistance warrants experimental followup. Together, these results highlight distinct evolutionary strategies of closely related\n                    <jats:italic>Sporothrix<\/jats:italic>\n                    species and pinpoint genomic changes potentially associated with the emergence and drug tolerance of\n                    <jats:italic>S. brasiliensis<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0014203","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T17:58:51Z","timestamp":1790013531000},"page":"e0014203","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Genome variation of Sporothrix schenckii and Sporothrix brasiliensis"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Ujwal R.","family":"Bagal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Mycotic Diseases Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","place":["Atlanta, Georgia, United 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Paraguay"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nancy A.","family":"Chow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mycotic Diseases Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","place":["Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jan","family":"Pohl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biotechnology Core Facility Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","place":["Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vanessa Rabello","family":"Brito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas: Rio de Janeiro","place":["Rio de Janeiro, Brazil"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vanice Rodrigues","family":"Poester","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Federal University of Rio Grande (FURG)","place":["Rio Grande, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil"],"department":["School of Medicine"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bram","family":"Spruijtenburg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Radboudumc-CWZ Center of Expertise for Mycology","place":["Nijmegen, The Netherlands"]},{"name":"Canisius-Wilhelmina Hospital (CWZ)\/Dicoon","place":["Nijmegen, The Netherlands"],"department":["Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Larissa","family":"Fernandes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Brasilia","place":["Brasilia, Distrito Federal, Brazil"],"department":["Faculty of Ceilandia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bridget M.","family":"Barker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Northern Arizona University","place":["Flagstaff, Arizona, United States of America"],"department":["Pathogen and Microbiome 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Orzechowski","family":"Xavier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Federal University of Rio Grande (FURG)","place":["Rio Grande, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil"],"department":["School of Medicine"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel R.","family":"Matute","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of North Carolina","place":["Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rosely","family":"Zancope","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas: Rio de Janeiro","place":["Rio de Janeiro, Brazil"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1763-3464","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Marcus de Melo","family":"Teixeira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Bras\u00edlia","place":["Bras\u00edlia, Distrito Federal, 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