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Based on DALYs, the nine ABDs were categorized into protozoan, helminthic, and viral diseases. Temporal trends were quantified using the average annual percentage change (AAPC) in age-standardized prevalence rates (ASPRs) and age-standardized DALY rates (ASDRs). Frontier analysis was applied to evaluate deviations from the expected disease burden according to sociodemographic index (SDI), and Bayesian age\u2013period\u2013cohort models were used to project future disease burdens through 2030.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec003\">\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>From 1990 to 2021, the global ASDR for ABDs declined from 1,219.26 to 884.16 per 100,000 population. Protozoiasis caused the most substantial burden (ASDR 819.83), followed by helminthiases and viral diseases. Although ASDRs declined across the three major disease categories overall, dengue fever exhibited a significant upward trend within the viral disease group (AAPC\u2009=\u20090.83%). Burdens remained concentrated in low and lower-middle SDI regions, though High-income Asia Pacific and Australasia experienced notable increases. Frontier analysis indicated that while parasitic burdens declined with rising SDI, viral disease patterns varied: dengue peaked at middle SDI, and Zika increased with SDI. Adolescents and young adults bore the greatest burden, with distinct sex-specific differences. Projections suggest that by 2030, ASPRs for malaria and African trypanosomiasis, as well as ASDRs for malaria, African trypanosomiasis, and leishmaniasis, will increase.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec004\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Protozoan infections, particularly malaria, continue to dominate the burden of arthropod-borne diseases. Although the overall burden of viral diseases declined modestly, certain arboviral infections, including dengue, showed increasing trends. The distinct geographic concentration of these infections, coupled with the rising threat of arboviral diseases, underscores the urgent need for enhanced surveillance systems, expanded vaccination coverage, and strengthened global collaboration to mitigate future risks.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0014235","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,5]],"date-time":"2026-05-05T17:35:35Z","timestamp":1778002535000},"page":"e0014235","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Global, regional, and national disease burden of arthropod-borne diseases: Projections to 2030 based on the global burden of disease study 2021"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Mengqing","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yang","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chuizhao","family":"Xue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qingqiu","family":"Zuo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ying","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hua","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yefei","family":"Pu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yujuan","family":"Shen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xu","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jianhai","family":"Yin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1974-0047","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jianping","family":"Cao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,5]]},"reference":[{"issue":"8","key":"pntd.0014235.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"826","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tim.2025.03.005","article-title":"The diversity, pathogenic spectrum, and ecological significance of arthropod viruses","volume":"33","author":"C Li","year":"2025","journal-title":"Trends Microbiol"},{"issue":"6614","key":"pntd.0014235.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abc2757","article-title":"Understanding pathogen survival and transmission by arthropod vectors to prevent human disease","volume":"377","author":"C Barillas-Mury","year":"2022","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"23","key":"pntd.0014235.ref003","article-title":"Dengue - perils and prevention","volume":"384","year":"2021","journal-title":"The New England Journal of Medicine"},{"issue":"1","key":"pntd.0014235.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1038\/s41572-023-00429-2","article-title":"Chikungunya fever","volume":"9","author":"K Bartholomeeusen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat Rev Dis Primers"},{"issue":"4","key":"pntd.0014235.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1038\/s41579-022-00845-3","article-title":"The human-infection potential of emerging tick-borne viruses is a global public health concern","volume":"21","author":"H Zhou","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat Rev Microbiol"},{"issue":"32","key":"pntd.0014235.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1064","DOI":"10.46234\/ccdcw2025.172","article-title":"An outbreak of chikungunya fever in China \u2014 Foshan City, Guangdong Province, China, July 2025","volume":"7","author":"Y Li","year":"2025","journal-title":"CCDCW"},{"issue":"6","key":"pntd.0014235.ref007","first-page":"1170","article-title":"Economic burden of reported Lyme disease in high-incidence areas, United States, 2014\u20132016","volume":"28","author":"SA Hook","year":"2022","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"pntd.0014235.ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1320","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra2405313","article-title":"Malaria","volume":"392","author":"S Parikh","year":"2025","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"pntd.0014235.ref009","first-page":"100881","article-title":"The epidemiology of Chagas disease in the Americas","volume":"37","author":"ZM Cucunub\u00e1","year":"2024","journal-title":"Lancet Reg Health Am"},{"key":"pntd.0014235.ref010","unstructured":"CDC. 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