{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,13]],"date-time":"2026-05-13T18:15:30Z","timestamp":1778696130890,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,13]],"date-time":"2026-05-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1778630400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010269","name":"Wellcome Trust","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["106680\/Z\/14\/Z"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["106680\/Z\/14\/Z"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010269","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006378","name":"Universitas Indonesia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NKB-1301\/UN2.RST\/HKP.05.00\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NKB-1301\/UN2.RST\/HKP.05.00\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006378","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosntds.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS Negl Trop Dis"],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Recurring outbreaks of leptospirosis in flood-prone areas caused by heavy rainfall pose a major public health concern, particularly in megacities such as Jakarta, Indonesia. From December 2019 through February 2020, Jakarta experienced a large leptospirosis outbreak due to extensive flooding following extreme monsoonal rainfall. We conducted a comprehensive retrospective analysis of the outbreak based on complete surveillance data from all five districts and 42 of 44 subdistricts in Jakarta. A total of 282 cases (97 suspected, 153 probable, and 32 confirmed) were reported in West (n\u2009=\u2009162), South (n\u2009=\u200964), East (n\u2009=\u200930), North (n\u2009=\u200914) and Central (n\u2009=\u200912) Jakarta. Cases were predominantly adult males exposed to floodwaters. Of 241 cases tested, 164 (68.0%) had a positive IgM-based rapid diagnostic test (RDT). Of 118 cases tested with TaqMan RT-PCR targeting\n                    <jats:italic>lipL32<\/jats:italic>\n                    , 32 (27.1%) were positive. Of 95 cases tested with both assays, the combined detection rate was 74.7% (71\/95); of whom 27 were positive by both RDT and RT-PCR. RT-PCR identified 5 additional RDT-negative cases, all of whom had fever &lt;7 days. We sequenced 42 archived blood samples using Multi Locus Sequence Typing (MLST) and identified\n                    <jats:italic>Leptospira interrogans<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>L. borgpeterseni<\/jats:italic>\n                    as the predominant species. The findings emphasise the importance of rapid and early laboratory-based diagnosis during leptospirosis outbreaks in flood-prone urban areas, to better target public health interventions. Climate-resilient urban planning is critical for vulnerable megacities in low-resource settings, where complex environmental and infrastructural challenges are compounded by the effects of a changing climate.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0014243","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,13]],"date-time":"2026-05-13T17:47:09Z","timestamp":1778694429000},"page":"e0014243","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Molecular detection and genetic characterisation of a large flood-borne outbreak of human leptospirosis in Jakarta, Indonesia: A retrospective analysis of surveillance data"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Erni Juwita","family":"Nelwan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yunita Windi","family":"Anggraini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sabighoh","family":"Zanjabila","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Budi","family":"Setiawan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Suhartiningsih Suhartiningsih","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Farida Dwi","family":"Handayani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Jeny Jeny","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Linda","family":"Erlina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fadilah","family":"Fadilah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J. 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